See 汚染 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "汚染",
"ruby": [
[
"汚",
"お"
],
[
"染",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "osen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "おせん"
},
"expansion": "汚(お)染(せん) • (osen)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "netsuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"熱汚染",
"ねつおせん"
]
],
"word": "熱汚染"
},
{
"roman": "taikiosen",
"ruby": [
[
"大気汚染",
"たいきおせん"
]
],
"word": "大気汚染"
},
{
"roman": "kankyōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"環境汚染",
"かんきょうおせん"
]
],
"word": "環境汚染"
},
{
"roman": "kagakuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"化学汚染",
"かがくおせん"
]
],
"word": "化学汚染"
},
{
"roman": "dojōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"土壌汚染",
"どじょうおせん"
]
],
"word": "土壌汚染"
},
{
"roman": "fukugōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"複合汚染",
"ふくごうおせん"
]
],
"word": "複合汚染"
},
{
"roman": "kaiyōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"海洋汚染",
"かいようおせん"
]
],
"word": "海洋汚染"
},
{
"roman": "suishitsuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"水質汚染",
"すいしつおせん"
]
],
"word": "水質汚染"
},
{
"roman": "jikaosen",
"ruby": [
[
"自家汚染",
"じかおせん"
]
],
"word": "自家汚染"
},
{
"roman": "nōyakuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"農薬汚染",
"のうやくおせん"
]
],
"word": "農薬汚染"
},
{
"roman": "hōshanōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"放射能汚染",
"ほうしゃのうおせん"
]
],
"word": "放射能汚染"
},
{
"roman": "idenshiosen",
"ruby": [
[
"遺伝子汚染",
"いでんしおせん"
]
],
"word": "遺伝子汚染"
},
{
"roman": "chikasuiosen",
"ruby": [
[
"地下水汚染",
"ちかすいおせん"
]
],
"word": "地下水汚染"
},
{
"roman": "haitekuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"汚染",
"おせん"
]
],
"word": "ハイテク汚染"
},
{
"roman": "bakkuguraundōsen",
"ruby": [
[
"汚染",
"おせん"
]
],
"word": "バックグラウンド汚染"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pollution; contamination"
],
"id": "en-汚染-ja-noun-Sw3r2LJw",
"links": [
[
"pollution",
"pollution"
],
[
"contamination",
"contamination"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "pollution",
"roman": "kōgai",
"ruby": [
[
"公害",
"こうがい"
]
],
"translation": "pollution",
"word": "公害"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おせん"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞sẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "汚染"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "汚染する transitive",
"ruby": [
[
"汚",
"お"
],
[
"染",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "osen suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染し",
"roman": "osen shi",
"ruby": [
[
"汚",
"お"
],
[
"染",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染した",
"roman": "osen shita",
"ruby": [
[
"汚",
"お"
],
[
"染",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osen suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "osen dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "おせん",
"tr": "both"
},
"expansion": "汚(お)染(せん)する • (osen suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 汚(お)染(せん)し (osen shi), past 汚(お)染(せん)した (osen shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pollute; contaminate"
],
"id": "en-汚染-ja-verb-corzkkkb",
"links": [
[
"pollute",
"pollute"
],
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
]
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"suru"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おせん"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞sẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "汚染"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 染 read as せん",
"Japanese terms spelled with 汚 read as お",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "netsuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"熱汚染",
"ねつおせん"
]
],
"word": "熱汚染"
},
{
"roman": "taikiosen",
"ruby": [
[
"大気汚染",
"たいきおせん"
]
],
"word": "大気汚染"
},
{
"roman": "kankyōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"環境汚染",
"かんきょうおせん"
]
],
"word": "環境汚染"
},
{
"roman": "kagakuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"化学汚染",
"かがくおせん"
]
],
"word": "化学汚染"
},
{
"roman": "dojōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"土壌汚染",
"どじょうおせん"
]
],
"word": "土壌汚染"
},
{
"roman": "fukugōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"複合汚染",
"ふくごうおせん"
]
],
"word": "複合汚染"
},
{
"roman": "kaiyōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"海洋汚染",
"かいようおせん"
]
],
"word": "海洋汚染"
},
{
"roman": "suishitsuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"水質汚染",
"すいしつおせん"
]
],
"word": "水質汚染"
},
{
"roman": "jikaosen",
"ruby": [
[
"自家汚染",
"じかおせん"
]
],
"word": "自家汚染"
},
{
"roman": "nōyakuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"農薬汚染",
"のうやくおせん"
]
],
"word": "農薬汚染"
},
{
"roman": "hōshanōosen",
"ruby": [
[
"放射能汚染",
"ほうしゃのうおせん"
]
],
"word": "放射能汚染"
},
{
"roman": "idenshiosen",
"ruby": [
[
"遺伝子汚染",
"いでんしおせん"
]
],
"word": "遺伝子汚染"
},
{
"roman": "chikasuiosen",
"ruby": [
[
"地下水汚染",
"ちかすいおせん"
]
],
"word": "地下水汚染"
},
{
"roman": "haitekuosen",
"ruby": [
[
"汚染",
"おせん"
]
],
"word": "ハイテク汚染"
},
{
"roman": "bakkuguraundōsen",
"ruby": [
[
"汚染",
"おせん"
]
],
"word": "バックグラウンド汚染"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "汚染",
"ruby": [
[
"汚",
"お"
],
[
"染",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "osen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "おせん"
},
"expansion": "汚(お)染(せん) • (osen)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "pollution",
"roman": "kōgai",
"ruby": [
[
"公害",
"こうがい"
]
],
"translation": "pollution",
"word": "公害"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pollution; contamination"
],
"links": [
[
"pollution",
"pollution"
],
[
"contamination",
"contamination"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おせん"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞sẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "汚染"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 染 read as せん",
"Japanese terms spelled with 汚 read as お",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "汚染する transitive",
"ruby": [
[
"汚",
"お"
],
[
"染",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "osen suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染し",
"roman": "osen shi",
"ruby": [
[
"汚",
"お"
],
[
"染",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染した",
"roman": "osen shita",
"ruby": [
[
"汚",
"お"
],
[
"染",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osen suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "osen dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "osen shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "おせんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "osen sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "おせん",
"tr": "both"
},
"expansion": "汚(お)染(せん)する • (osen suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 汚(お)染(せん)し (osen shi), past 汚(お)染(せん)した (osen shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pollute; contaminate"
],
"links": [
[
"pollute",
"pollute"
],
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
]
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"suru"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おせん"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞sẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "汚染"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 汚染 meaning in Japanese (8.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"汚染"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "汚染",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"汚染"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "汚染",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"汚染"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "汚染",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"汚染"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "汚染",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"汚染"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "汚染",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"汚染"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "汚染",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-20 using wiktextract (5887622 and c6a903f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.