"殆ど" meaning in Japanese

See 殆ど in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: [ho̞tõ̞ndo̞] Forms: 殆ど [canonical] (ruby: 殆(ほとん)), hotondo [romanization]
Etymology: Alteration from older form 殆 (hotohoto). Head templates: {{ja-pos|adverb|ほとんど}} 殆(ほとん)ど • (hotondo)
  1. almost, nearly, mostly (everyone, everywhere, everything, etc.)
    Sense id: en-殆ど-ja-adv-3byDhN5A Categories (other): Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 47 11 13 29 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 33 39 8 20 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 35 41 7 17
  2. few, hardly (any)
    Sense id: en-殆ど-ja-adv-Qy1dimBi Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 24 62 6 9 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 31 43 7 19 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 27 45 9 19 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 33 39 8 20 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 35 41 7 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 24 58 2 16
  3. very nearly, close to, all but
    Sense id: en-殆ど-ja-adv-GQA75VL1

Noun

IPA: [ho̞tõ̞ndo̞] Forms: 殆ど [canonical] (ruby: 殆(ほとん)), hotondo [romanization]
Etymology: Alteration from older form 殆 (hotohoto). Head templates: {{ja-noun|ほとんど}} 殆(ほとん)ど • (hotondo)
  1. the most of something, the majority or greater part of something
    Sense id: en-殆ど-ja-noun-9-bnftYH Categories (other): Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 33 39 8 20 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 35 41 7 17
     
{
  "etymology_text": "Alteration from older form 殆 (hotohoto).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "殆ど",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "殆",
          "ほとん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hotondo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adverb",
        "2": "ほとんど"
      },
      "expansion": "殆(ほとん)ど • (hotondo)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 11 13 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 39 8 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 41 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He comes here almost every day.",
          "roman": "Kare wa hotondo mainichi koko e kuru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼",
              "かれ"
            ],
            [
              "毎日",
              "まいにち"
            ],
            [
              "来",
              "く"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "彼はほとんど毎日ここへ来る。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "almost, nearly, mostly (everyone, everywhere, everything, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-殆ど-ja-adv-3byDhN5A",
      "links": [
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ],
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "mostly",
          "mostly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 62 6 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 43 7 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 45 9 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 39 8 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 41 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 58 2 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "few, hardly (any)"
      ],
      "id": "en-殆ど-ja-adv-Qy1dimBi",
      "links": [
        [
          "few",
          "few"
        ],
        [
          "hardly",
          "hardly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "very nearly, close to, all but"
      ],
      "id": "en-殆ど-ja-adv-GQA75VL1",
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "all but",
          "all but"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ほとんど"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ho̞tõ̞ndo̞]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin",
    "Daijisen",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "殆ど"
}

{
  "etymology_text": "Alteration from older form 殆 (hotohoto).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "殆ど",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "殆",
          "ほとん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hotondo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ほとんど"
      },
      "expansion": "殆(ほとん)ど • (hotondo)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 39 8 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 41 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              30
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Boss, about those apples, most of them were already rotten, so we threw them out.",
          "roman": "Buchō, ano ringo desu ga, sono hotondo ga mō kusatte ita no de sutemashita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "部長",
              "ぶちょう"
            ],
            [
              "殆",
              "ほとん"
            ],
            [
              "腐",
              "くさ"
            ],
            [
              "捨",
              "す"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "部長、あのリンゴですが、その殆どがもう腐っていたので捨てました。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the most of something, the majority or greater part of something"
      ],
      "id": "en-殆ど-ja-noun-9-bnftYH",
      "links": [
        [
          "most",
          "most"
        ],
        [
          "majority",
          "majority"
        ],
        [
          "greater",
          "greater"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ほとんど"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ho̞tõ̞ndo̞]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin",
    "Daijisen",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "殆ど"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese adverbs",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Alteration from older form 殆 (hotohoto).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "殆ど",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "殆",
          "ほとん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hotondo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adverb",
        "2": "ほとんど"
      },
      "expansion": "殆(ほとん)ど • (hotondo)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He comes here almost every day.",
          "roman": "Kare wa hotondo mainichi koko e kuru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼",
              "かれ"
            ],
            [
              "毎日",
              "まいにち"
            ],
            [
              "来",
              "く"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "彼はほとんど毎日ここへ来る。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "almost, nearly, mostly (everyone, everywhere, everything, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ],
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "mostly",
          "mostly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "few, hardly (any)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "few",
          "few"
        ],
        [
          "hardly",
          "hardly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "very nearly, close to, all but"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "all but",
          "all but"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ほとんど"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ho̞tõ̞ndo̞]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin",
    "Daijisen",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "殆ど"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese adverbs",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Alteration from older form 殆 (hotohoto).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "殆ど",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "殆",
          "ほとん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hotondo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ほとんど"
      },
      "expansion": "殆(ほとん)ど • (hotondo)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              30
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Boss, about those apples, most of them were already rotten, so we threw them out.",
          "roman": "Buchō, ano ringo desu ga, sono hotondo ga mō kusatte ita no de sutemashita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "部長",
              "ぶちょう"
            ],
            [
              "殆",
              "ほとん"
            ],
            [
              "腐",
              "くさ"
            ],
            [
              "捨",
              "す"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "部長、あのリンゴですが、その殆どがもう腐っていたので捨てました。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the most of something, the majority or greater part of something"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "most",
          "most"
        ],
        [
          "majority",
          "majority"
        ],
        [
          "greater",
          "greater"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ほとんど"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ho̞tõ̞ndo̞]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin",
    "Daijisen",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "殆ど"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 殆ど meaning in Japanese (3.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "殆ど"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "adverb",
  "title": "殆ど",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "殆ど"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "殆ど",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.