See 有害 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 有害 meaning in Japanese (9.2kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "harmless",
"roman": "mugai",
"ruby": [
[
"無害",
"むがい"
]
],
"word": "無害"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "有害",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"害",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "有害な",
"roman": "yūgai na",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"害",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "有害に",
"roman": "yūgai ni",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"害",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "有害で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "有害なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "有害であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "有害ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "有害なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "有害に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "有害さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgaisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゆうがい",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "有(ゆう)害(がい) • (yūgai) -na (adnominal 有(ゆう)害(がい)な (yūgai na), adverbial 有(ゆう)害(がい)に (yūgai ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "ゆうがい",
"lemma": "有害",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"harmful, nocuous"
],
"id": "en-有害-ja-adj-FmXPKMOX",
"links": [
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
],
[
"nocuous",
"nocuous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆうがい"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝːɡa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "有害"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "有害",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"害",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゆうがい"
},
"expansion": "有(ゆう)害(がい) • (yūgai)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harmfulness"
],
"id": "en-有害-ja-noun-AFCSlYzN",
"links": [
[
"harmfulness",
"harmfulness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆうがい"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝːɡa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "有害"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "harmless",
"roman": "mugai",
"ruby": [
[
"無害",
"むがい"
]
],
"word": "無害"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "有害",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"害",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "有害な",
"roman": "yūgai na",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"害",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "有害に",
"roman": "yūgai ni",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"害",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "有害で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "有害なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "有害であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "有害ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "有害でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "有害なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "有害だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "有害に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "有害さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆうがいさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgaisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゆうがい",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "有(ゆう)害(がい) • (yūgai) -na (adnominal 有(ゆう)害(がい)な (yūgai na), adverbial 有(ゆう)害(がい)に (yūgai ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "ゆうがい",
"lemma": "有害",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"harmful, nocuous"
],
"links": [
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
],
[
"nocuous",
"nocuous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆうがい"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝːɡa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "有害"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "有害",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"害",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yūgai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゆうがい"
},
"expansion": "有(ゆう)害(がい) • (yūgai)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"harmfulness"
],
"links": [
[
"harmfulness",
"harmfulness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆうがい"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝːɡa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "有害"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"有害"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "有害",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"有害"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "有害",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.