"拵える" meaning in Japanese

See 拵える in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ko̞ɕiɾa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. Reconstructed by Samuel Martin as Proto-Japonic *kəsirapu, a compound of Old Japanese elements 此 (ko₂, “this”) + 知ら (sira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 知る (siru, “to know”)) + ふ (pu, auxiliary suffix). However, this is very problematic semantically, considering that the attested senses for this verb have nothing to do with either "this" or . Development Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=こしらえる}} Old Japanese, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*kəsirapu|sort=こしらえる}} Proto-Japonic *kəsirapu, {{cog|ojp|-|sort=こしらえる}} Old Japanese, {{m|ja|未然形|t=irrealis form|tr=mizenkei}} 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”), {{m|ojp|知る|t=to know|tr=siru}} 知る (siru, “to know”), {{com|ojp|此||||alt2=知ら|alt3=ふ|pos2=the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">未然形</i> (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ojp">知る</i> (siru, “to know”)|pos3=auxiliary suffix|t1=this|tr1=ko₂|tr2=sira|tr3=pu}} 此 (ko₂, “this”) + 知ら (sira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 知る (siru, “to know”)) + ふ (pu, auxiliary suffix), {{m|ja|下二段活用||lower bigrade conjugation|tr=shimo nidan katsuyō}} 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”), {{m|ja|下一段活用||lower monograde conjugation|tr=shimo ichidan katsuyō}} 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) Head templates: {{ja-verb|こしらえる|tr=trans|type=2}} 拵(こしら)える • (koshiraeru) transitive ichidan (stem 拵(こしら)え (koshirae), past 拵(こしら)えた (koshiraeta)) Forms: 拵える [canonical] (ruby: (こしら)), koshiraeru [romanization], 拵え [stem] (ruby: (こしら)), 拵えた [past] (ruby: (こしら)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 拵え [error-unrecognized-form], こしらえ [error-unrecognized-form], koshirae [error-unrecognized-form], 拵える [error-unrecognized-form], こしらえる [error-unrecognized-form], koshiraeru [error-unrecognized-form], 拵えれ [error-unrecognized-form], こしらえれ [error-unrecognized-form], koshiraere [error-unrecognized-form], 拵えよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 拵えろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], こしらえよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], こしらえろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], koshiraeyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], koshiraero [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 拵えられる [passive], こしらえられる [passive], koshiraerareru [passive], 拵えさせる [causative], 拵えさす [causative], こしらえさせる [causative], こしらえさす [causative], koshiraesaseru [causative], koshiraesasu [causative], 拵えられる [potential], 拵えれる [colloquial, potential], こしらえられる [potential], こしらえれる [colloquial, potential], koshiraerareru [potential], koshiraereru [colloquial, potential], 拵えよう [volitional], こしらえよう [volitional], koshiraeyō [volitional], 拵えない [negative], 拵えぬ [negative], 拵えん [negative], こしらえない [negative], こしらえぬ [negative], こしらえん [negative], koshiraenai [negative], koshiraenu [negative], koshiraen [negative], 拵えず [continuative, negative], こしらえず [continuative, negative], koshiraezu [continuative, negative], 拵えます [formal], こしらえます [formal], koshiraemasu [formal], 拵えた [perfective], こしらえた [perfective], koshiraeta [perfective], 拵えて [conjunctive], こしらえて [conjunctive], koshiraete [conjunctive], 拵えれば [conditional, hypothetical], こしらえれば [conditional, hypothetical], koshiraereba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to speak in such a way as to cause others to feel or do something
    Sense id: en-拵える-ja-verb-CkHuRVy8
  2. to cook, to make food
    Sense id: en-拵える-ja-verb-VeyqrcKp
  3. dress oneself up
    Sense id: en-拵える-ja-verb-roICUOla
  4. prepare
    Sense id: en-拵える-ja-verb-RWZtl2ur
  5. manufacture
    Sense id: en-拵える-ja-verb-7Qo7SUs8 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 19 11 11 16 32 11 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 9 6 6 9 64 6 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 10 6 6 9 64 6 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 10 6 6 9 63 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 10 5 5 8 69 5 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 12 6 6 9 63 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 10 6 6 9 63 6
  6. have
    Sense id: en-拵える-ja-verb-GTxFtSgZ

Download JSON data for 拵える meaning in Japanese (10.6kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "こしらえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kəsirapu",
        "sort": "こしらえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kəsirapu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "-",
        "sort": "こしらえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "未然形",
        "t": "irrealis form",
        "tr": "mizenkei"
      },
      "expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "知る",
        "t": "to know",
        "tr": "siru"
      },
      "expansion": "知る (siru, “to know”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "此",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "alt2": "知ら",
        "alt3": "ふ",
        "pos2": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">未然形</i> (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ojp\">知る</i> (siru, “to know”)",
        "pos3": "auxiliary suffix",
        "t1": "this",
        "tr1": "ko₂",
        "tr2": "sira",
        "tr3": "pu"
      },
      "expansion": "此 (ko₂, “this”) + 知ら (sira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 知る (siru, “to know”)) + ふ (pu, auxiliary suffix)",
      "name": "com"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下二段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower bigrade conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下一段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower monograde conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nReconstructed by Samuel Martin as Proto-Japonic *kəsirapu, a compound of Old Japanese elements 此 (ko₂, “this”) + 知ら (sira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 知る (siru, “to know”)) + ふ (pu, auxiliary suffix). However, this is very problematic semantically, considering that the attested senses for this verb have nothing to do with either \"this\" or .\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "拵える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "拵",
          "こしら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵え",
      "roman": "koshirae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "拵",
          "こしら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えた",
      "roman": "koshiraeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "拵",
          "こしら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshirae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こしらえる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "拵(こしら)える • (koshiraeru) transitive ichidan (stem 拵(こしら)え (koshirae), past 拵(こしら)えた (koshiraeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to speak in such a way as to cause others to feel or do something"
      ],
      "id": "en-拵える-ja-verb-CkHuRVy8",
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "do",
          "do"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "She quickly made the children a meal",
          "roman": "kanojo wa kodomo ni shokuji o satto koshiraeta",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼女",
              "かのじょ"
            ],
            [
              "子",
              "こ"
            ],
            [
              "食事",
              "しょくじ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "彼女は子どもに食事をさっとこしらえたhttps://www.weblio.jp/content/こしらえ"
        },
        {
          "text": "サラダをこしらえる。https://www.weblio.jp/content/こしらえ\nSarada o koshiraeru.\nI make a salad.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cook, to make food"
      ],
      "id": "en-拵える-ja-verb-VeyqrcKp",
      "links": [
        [
          "cook",
          "cook"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dress oneself up"
      ],
      "id": "en-拵える-ja-verb-roICUOla",
      "links": [
        [
          "dress",
          "dress"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "prepare"
      ],
      "id": "en-拵える-ja-verb-RWZtl2ur",
      "links": [
        [
          "prepare",
          "prepare"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 11 11 16 32 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 6 6 9 64 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 6 6 9 64 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 6 6 9 63 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 5 5 8 69 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 6 6 9 63 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 6 6 9 63 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "manufacture"
      ],
      "id": "en-拵える-ja-verb-7Qo7SUs8",
      "links": [
        [
          "manufacture",
          "manufacture"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "have"
      ],
      "id": "en-拵える-ja-verb-GTxFtSgZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "have",
          "have"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ɕiɾa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "拵える"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese type 2 verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Old Japanese compound terms"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "こしらえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kəsirapu",
        "sort": "こしらえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kəsirapu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "-",
        "sort": "こしらえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "未然形",
        "t": "irrealis form",
        "tr": "mizenkei"
      },
      "expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "知る",
        "t": "to know",
        "tr": "siru"
      },
      "expansion": "知る (siru, “to know”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "此",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "alt2": "知ら",
        "alt3": "ふ",
        "pos2": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">未然形</i> (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ojp\">知る</i> (siru, “to know”)",
        "pos3": "auxiliary suffix",
        "t1": "this",
        "tr1": "ko₂",
        "tr2": "sira",
        "tr3": "pu"
      },
      "expansion": "此 (ko₂, “this”) + 知ら (sira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 知る (siru, “to know”)) + ふ (pu, auxiliary suffix)",
      "name": "com"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下二段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower bigrade conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下一段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower monograde conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nReconstructed by Samuel Martin as Proto-Japonic *kəsirapu, a compound of Old Japanese elements 此 (ko₂, “this”) + 知ら (sira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 知る (siru, “to know”)) + ふ (pu, auxiliary suffix). However, this is very problematic semantically, considering that the attested senses for this verb have nothing to do with either \"this\" or .\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "拵える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "拵",
          "こしら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵え",
      "roman": "koshirae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "拵",
          "こしら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えた",
      "roman": "koshiraeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "拵",
          "こしら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshirae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "拵えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こしらえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshiraereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こしらえる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "拵(こしら)える • (koshiraeru) transitive ichidan (stem 拵(こしら)え (koshirae), past 拵(こしら)えた (koshiraeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to speak in such a way as to cause others to feel or do something"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "do",
          "do"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "She quickly made the children a meal",
          "roman": "kanojo wa kodomo ni shokuji o satto koshiraeta",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼女",
              "かのじょ"
            ],
            [
              "子",
              "こ"
            ],
            [
              "食事",
              "しょくじ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "彼女は子どもに食事をさっとこしらえたhttps://www.weblio.jp/content/こしらえ"
        },
        {
          "text": "サラダをこしらえる。https://www.weblio.jp/content/こしらえ\nSarada o koshiraeru.\nI make a salad.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cook, to make food"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cook",
          "cook"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dress oneself up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dress",
          "dress"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "prepare"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prepare",
          "prepare"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "manufacture"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "manufacture",
          "manufacture"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "have"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "have",
          "have"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ɕiɾa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "拵える"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.