See 抑える in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 抑える meaning in Japanese (8.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "抑ふ",
"sort": "おさえる",
"t": "",
"tr": "osapu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 抑ふ (osapu)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下二段活用",
"t": "lower bigrade conjugation",
"tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "lower bigrade conjugation",
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},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "下一段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "lower monograde conjugation",
"tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 抑ふ (osapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\nMost likely derived as a compound of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 押す (osu, “to push”) + ふ (fu, “repetitious suffix”), with the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. Compare 伝える (tsutaeru, “to communicate”), from earlier 伝つ (tutu, “to communicate”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "抑える",
"ruby": [
[
"抑",
"おさ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "osaferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "抑え",
"roman": "osae",
"ruby": [
[
"抑",
"おさ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えた",
"roman": "osaeta",
"ruby": [
[
"抑",
"おさ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "抑え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抑える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osaere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "osaero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "osaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "osaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "osaereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "osaemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "osaete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "osaereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "おさえる",
"hhira": "おさへる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "抑(おさ)える • (osaeru) ^(←おさへる (osaferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 抑(おさ)え (osae), past 抑(おさ)えた (osaeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hold back; to suppress; to contain"
],
"id": "en-抑える-ja-verb-uL1Ssh0f",
"links": [
[
"hold back",
"hold back"
],
[
"suppress",
"suppress"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おさえる"
},
{
"other": "おさえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞sa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "抑える"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "抑ふ",
"sort": "おさえる",
"t": "",
"tr": "osapu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 抑ふ (osapu)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下二段活用",
"t": "lower bigrade conjugation",
"tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下二段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "lower bigrade conjugation",
"tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下一段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "lower monograde conjugation",
"tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 抑ふ (osapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\nMost likely derived as a compound of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 押す (osu, “to push”) + ふ (fu, “repetitious suffix”), with the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. Compare 伝える (tsutaeru, “to communicate”), from earlier 伝つ (tutu, “to communicate”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "抑える",
"ruby": [
[
"抑",
"おさ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "osaferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "抑え",
"roman": "osae",
"ruby": [
[
"抑",
"おさ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えた",
"roman": "osaeta",
"ruby": [
[
"抑",
"おさ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "抑え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抑える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "osaere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "osaero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "osaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "osaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "osaereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "osaezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "osaemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "osaeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "osaete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "抑えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "おさえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "osaereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "おさえる",
"hhira": "おさへる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "抑(おさ)える • (osaeru) ^(←おさへる (osaferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 抑(おさ)え (osae), past 抑(おさ)えた (osaeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese type 2 verbs",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hold back; to suppress; to contain"
],
"links": [
[
"hold back",
"hold back"
],
[
"suppress",
"suppress"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おさえる"
},
{
"other": "おさえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞sa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "抑える"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.