"愛顧" meaning in Japanese

See 愛顧 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [a̠iko̞] Forms: 愛顧 [canonical] (ruby: (あい), ()), aiko [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|あいこ}} 愛(あい)顧(こ) • (aiko)
  1. patronage
    Sense id: en-愛顧-ja-noun-OFlOJwhR Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 71 29 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 92 8 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 65 35 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 92 8 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 59 41 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 77 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 78 22

Verb

IPA: [a̠iko̞]
Forms: 愛顧する [canonical] (ruby: (あい), ()), aiko suru [romanization], 愛顧し [stem] (ruby: (あい), ()), 愛顧した [past] (ruby: (あい), ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 愛顧し [error-unrecognized-form], あいこし [error-unrecognized-form], aiko shi [error-unrecognized-form], 愛顧する [error-unrecognized-form], あいこする [error-unrecognized-form], aiko suru [error-unrecognized-form], 愛顧すれ [error-unrecognized-form], あいこすれ [error-unrecognized-form], aiko sure [error-unrecognized-form], 愛顧せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 愛顧しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], あいこせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], あいこしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], aiko seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], aiko shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 愛顧される [passive], あいこされる [passive], aiko sareru [passive], 愛顧させる [causative], 愛顧さす [causative], あいこさせる [causative], あいこさす [causative], aiko saseru [causative], aiko sasu [causative], 愛顧できる [potential], あいこできる [potential], aiko dekiru [potential], 愛顧しよう [volitional], あいこしよう [volitional], aiko shiyō [volitional], 愛顧しない [negative], あいこしない [negative], aiko shinai [negative], 愛顧せず [continuative, negative], あいこせず [continuative, negative], aiko sezu [continuative, negative], 愛顧します [formal], あいこします [formal], aiko shimasu [formal], 愛顧した [perfective], あいこした [perfective], aiko shita [perfective], 愛顧して [conjunctive], あいこして [conjunctive], aiko shite [conjunctive], 愛顧すれば [conditional, hypothetical], あいこすれば [conditional, hypothetical], aiko sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. patronize, support
    Sense id: en-愛顧-ja-verb-kqnQZOEQ
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "愛顧",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "愛",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "顧",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "あいこ"
      },
      "expansion": "愛(あい)顧(こ) • (aiko)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "patronage"
      ],
      "id": "en-愛顧-ja-noun-OFlOJwhR",
      "links": [
        [
          "patronage",
          "patronage"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "あいこ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠iko̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "愛顧"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "愛顧する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "愛",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "顧",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧し",
      "roman": "aiko shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "愛",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "顧",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧した",
      "roman": "aiko shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "愛",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "顧",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "patronize, support"
      ],
      "id": "en-愛顧-ja-verb-kqnQZOEQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "patronize",
          "patronize"
        ],
        [
          "support",
          "support"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "あいこ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠iko̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "愛顧"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "愛顧",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "愛",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "顧",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "あいこ"
      },
      "expansion": "愛(あい)顧(こ) • (aiko)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "patronage"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "patronage",
          "patronage"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "あいこ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠iko̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "愛顧"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "愛顧する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "愛",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "顧",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧し",
      "roman": "aiko shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "愛",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "顧",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧した",
      "roman": "aiko shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "愛",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "顧",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "愛顧すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あいこすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aiko sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "patronize, support"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "patronize",
          "patronize"
        ],
        [
          "support",
          "support"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "あいこ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠iko̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "愛顧"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 愛顧 meaning in Japanese (6.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "愛顧"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "愛顧",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "愛顧"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "愛顧",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "愛顧"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "愛顧",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "愛顧"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "愛顧",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "愛顧"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "愛顧",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "愛顧"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "愛顧",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "愛顧"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "愛顧",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.