See 怯む in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "怯む",
"ruby": [
[
"怯",
"ひる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "怯み",
"roman": "hirumi",
"ruby": [
[
"怯",
"ひる"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "怯んだ",
"roman": "hirunda",
"ruby": [
[
"怯",
"ひる"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "怯ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hiruma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怯み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怯む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怯め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hirume",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怯まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "怯ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "怯ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "怯める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "怯もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "怯まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "怯まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "怯みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "怯んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hirunda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "怯んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hirunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "怯めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひるむ",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "怯(ひる)む • (hirumu) godan (stem 怯(ひる)み (hirumi), past 怯(ひる)んだ (hirunda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to flinch"
],
"id": "en-怯む-ja-verb-zM44kumy",
"links": [
[
"flinch",
"flinch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひるむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çiɾɯ̟mɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "怯む"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "怯む",
"ruby": [
[
"怯",
"ひる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "怯み",
"roman": "hirumi",
"ruby": [
[
"怯",
"ひる"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "怯んだ",
"roman": "hirunda",
"ruby": [
[
"怯",
"ひる"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "怯ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hiruma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怯み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怯む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怯め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hirume",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怯まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "怯ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "怯ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "怯める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "怯もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "怯まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "怯まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "怯みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "怯んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hirunda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "怯んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hirunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "怯めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ひるめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hirumeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひるむ",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "怯(ひる)む • (hirumu) godan (stem 怯(ひる)み (hirumi), past 怯(ひる)んだ (hirunda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to flinch"
],
"links": [
[
"flinch",
"flinch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひるむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çiɾɯ̟mɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "怯む"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 怯む meaning in Japanese (4.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"怯む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怯む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"怯む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怯む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"怯む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怯む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"怯む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怯む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"怯む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怯む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"怯む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怯む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"怯む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怯む",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.