"寄与" meaning in Japanese

See 寄与 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: 寄与 [canonical] (ruby: (), ()), kiyo [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|きよ}} 寄(き)与(よ) • (kiyo)
  1. contribution
    Sense id: en-寄与-ja-noun-p7TcVtrJ

Verb

Forms: 寄与する [canonical] (ruby: (), ()), kiyo suru [romanization], 寄与し [stem] (ruby: (), ()), 寄与した [past] (ruby: (), ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 寄与し [error-unrecognized-form], きよし [error-unrecognized-form], kiyo shi [error-unrecognized-form], 寄与する [error-unrecognized-form], きよする [error-unrecognized-form], kiyo suru [error-unrecognized-form], 寄与すれ [error-unrecognized-form], きよすれ [error-unrecognized-form], kiyo sure [error-unrecognized-form], 寄与せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 寄与しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], きよせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], きよしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], kiyo seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], kiyo shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 寄与される [passive], きよされる [passive], kiyo sareru [passive], 寄与させる [causative], 寄与さす [causative], きよさせる [causative], きよさす [causative], kiyo saseru [causative], kiyo sasu [causative], 寄与できる [potential], きよできる [potential], kiyo dekiru [potential], 寄与しよう [volitional], きよしよう [volitional], kiyo shiyō [volitional], 寄与しない [negative], きよしない [negative], kiyo shinai [negative], 寄与せず [continuative, negative], きよせず [continuative, negative], kiyo sezu [continuative, negative], 寄与します [formal], きよします [formal], kiyo shimasu [formal], 寄与した [perfective], きよした [perfective], kiyo shita [perfective], 寄与して [conjunctive], きよして [conjunctive], kiyo shite [conjunctive], 寄与すれば [conditional, hypothetical], きよすれば [conditional, hypothetical], kiyo sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to contribute
    Sense id: en-寄与-ja-verb-twzqE-xC Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 0 33 67 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 34 66 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 13 87 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 4 96 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 33 67 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 4 96
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寄与",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寄",
          "き"
        ],
        [
          "与",
          "よ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きよ"
      },
      "expansion": "寄(き)与(よ) • (kiyo)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "contribution"
      ],
      "id": "en-寄与-ja-noun-p7TcVtrJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "contribution",
          "contribution"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "寄与"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寄与する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寄",
          "き"
        ],
        [
          "与",
          "よ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与し",
      "roman": "kiyo shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寄",
          "き"
        ],
        [
          "与",
          "よ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与した",
      "roman": "kiyo shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寄",
          "き"
        ],
        [
          "与",
          "よ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It contributed to the company's expansion.",
          "roman": "Kaisha no hatten ni kiyo shita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "会社",
              "かいしゃ"
            ],
            [
              "発展",
              "はってん"
            ],
            [
              "寄与",
              "きよ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "会社の発展に寄与した。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to contribute"
      ],
      "id": "en-寄与-ja-verb-twzqE-xC",
      "links": [
        [
          "contribute",
          "contribute"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "寄与"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寄与",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寄",
          "き"
        ],
        [
          "与",
          "よ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きよ"
      },
      "expansion": "寄(き)与(よ) • (kiyo)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "contribution"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "contribution",
          "contribution"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "寄与"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寄与する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寄",
          "き"
        ],
        [
          "与",
          "よ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与し",
      "roman": "kiyo shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寄",
          "き"
        ],
        [
          "与",
          "よ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与した",
      "roman": "kiyo shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寄",
          "き"
        ],
        [
          "与",
          "よ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寄与すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きよすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiyo sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It contributed to the company's expansion.",
          "roman": "Kaisha no hatten ni kiyo shita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "会社",
              "かいしゃ"
            ],
            [
              "発展",
              "はってん"
            ],
            [
              "寄与",
              "きよ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "会社の発展に寄与した。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to contribute"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "contribute",
          "contribute"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "寄与"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 寄与 meaning in Japanese (6.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "寄与"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "寄与",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "寄与"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "寄与",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "寄与"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "寄与",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "寄与"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "寄与",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "寄与"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "寄与",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "寄与"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "寄与",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "寄与"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "寄与",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.