"囲む" meaning in Japanese

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かくむ"
      },
      "expansion": "かくむ (kakumu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かこむ"
      },
      "expansion": "かこむ (kakomu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かこむ"
      },
      "expansion": "かこむ (kakomu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "囲う",
        "2": "かこ.う"
      },
      "expansion": "囲(かこ)う (kakou)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かごむ"
      },
      "expansion": "かごむ (kagomu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/k/"
      },
      "expansion": "/k/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/g/"
      },
      "expansion": "/g/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "史記抄",
        "2": "しきしょう"
      },
      "expansion": "史記抄(しきしょう) (shikishō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Pronounced かくむ (kakumu) in the Nara period, it was alternately pronounced かこむ (kakomu) since the middle of the Heian period. The shift to かこむ (kakomu) is likely due to influence from the verb 囲(かこ)う (kakou), of similar meaning.\nAn alternate pronunciation かごむ (kagomu), with the medial /k/ becoming voiced to /g/, was formerly widely used, as recorded in the 史記抄(しきしょう) (shikishō) written in the Muromachi period.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "囲む",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "囲",
          "かこ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲み",
      "roman": "kakomi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "囲",
          "かこ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲んだ",
      "roman": "kakonda",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "囲",
          "かこ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-mu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲ま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakoma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲み",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲む",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲め",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakome",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲まれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲ませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲める",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲もう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲まない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲まず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲みます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲んだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakonda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲んで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakonde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲めば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かこむ",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "囲(かこ)む • (kakomu) transitive godan (stem 囲(かこ)み (kakomi), past 囲(かこ)んだ (kakonda))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to encircle; to surround; to place things around something"
      ],
      "id": "en-囲む-ja-verb-WKYifi6S",
      "links": [
        [
          "encircle",
          "encircle"
        ],
        [
          "surround",
          "surround"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ],
        [
          "around",
          "around"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "to enclose, cutting off from outside influences",
          "roman": "kakou",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "囲",
              "かこ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "囲う"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かこむ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠ko̞mɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "囲む"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かくむ"
      },
      "expansion": "かくむ (kakumu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かこむ"
      },
      "expansion": "かこむ (kakomu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かこむ"
      },
      "expansion": "かこむ (kakomu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "囲う",
        "2": "かこ.う"
      },
      "expansion": "囲(かこ)う (kakou)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かごむ"
      },
      "expansion": "かごむ (kagomu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/k/"
      },
      "expansion": "/k/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/g/"
      },
      "expansion": "/g/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "史記抄",
        "2": "しきしょう"
      },
      "expansion": "史記抄(しきしょう) (shikishō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Pronounced かくむ (kakumu) in the Nara period, it was alternately pronounced かこむ (kakomu) since the middle of the Heian period. The shift to かこむ (kakomu) is likely due to influence from the verb 囲(かこ)う (kakou), of similar meaning.\nAn alternate pronunciation かごむ (kagomu), with the medial /k/ becoming voiced to /g/, was formerly widely used, as recorded in the 史記抄(しきしょう) (shikishō) written in the Muromachi period.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "囲む",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "囲",
          "かこ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲み",
      "roman": "kakomi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "囲",
          "かこ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲んだ",
      "roman": "kakonda",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "囲",
          "かこ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-mu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲ま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakoma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲み",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲む",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲め",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakome",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲まれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲ませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲める",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲もう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲まない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲まず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲みます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲んだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakonda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲んで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakonde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "囲めば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かこめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakomeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かこむ",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "囲(かこ)む • (kakomu) transitive godan (stem 囲(かこ)み (kakomi), past 囲(かこ)んだ (kakonda))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to enclose, cutting off from outside influences",
      "roman": "kakou",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "囲",
          "かこ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "囲う"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese godan verbs",
        "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese transitive verbs",
        "Japanese verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to encircle; to surround; to place things around something"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "encircle",
          "encircle"
        ],
        [
          "surround",
          "surround"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ],
        [
          "around",
          "around"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かこむ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠ko̞mɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "囲む"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "囲む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "囲む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "囲む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "囲む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "囲む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "囲む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "囲む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "囲む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "囲む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "囲む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "囲む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "囲む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "囲む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "囲む",
  "trace": ""
}