See 努める in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 努める meaning in Japanese (6.4kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "努める",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "努め",
"roman": "tsutome",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "努めた",
"roman": "tsutometa",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "努め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "努めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "努められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "努めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "努められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "努めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "努めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "努めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutometa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "努めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つとめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "努(つと)める • (tsutomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 努(つと)め (tsutome), past 努(つと)めた (tsutometa))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"endeavor, strive for, make an effort"
],
"id": "en-努める-ja-verb-527lstvl",
"links": [
[
"endeavor",
"endeavor"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"make an effort",
"make an effort"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つとめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝto̞me̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "努める"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "努める",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "努め",
"roman": "tsutome",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "努めた",
"roman": "tsutometa",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "努め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "努めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "努められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "努めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "努められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "努めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "努めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "努めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutometa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "努めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つとめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "努(つと)める • (tsutomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 努(つと)め (tsutome), past 努(つと)めた (tsutometa))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese type 2 verbs",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"endeavor, strive for, make an effort"
],
"links": [
[
"endeavor",
"endeavor"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"make an effort",
"make an effort"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つとめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝto̞me̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "努める"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.