See ごわごわ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ごわごわ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "ゴワゴワ"
},
"expansion": "ごわごわ or ゴワゴワ • (gowagowa)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stiffly"
],
"id": "en-ごわごわ-ja-adv-BwZotC0J",
"links": [
[
"stiffly",
"stiffly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡo̞β̞a̠ɡo̞β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "ごわごわ"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ごわごわ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワ -na",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわな",
"roman": "gowagowa na",
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわに",
"roman": "gowagowa ni",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゴワゴワ",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "ごわごわ or ゴワゴワ • (gowagowa) -na (adnominal ごわごわな (gowagowa na), adverbial ごわごわに (gowagowa ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "ゴワゴワ",
"lemma": "ごわごわ",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stiff"
],
"id": "en-ごわごわ-ja-adj-5~k6Yovu",
"links": [
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡo̞β̞a̠ɡo̞β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "ごわごわ"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ごわごわする intransitive suru",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわし",
"roman": "gowagowa shi",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわした",
"roman": "gowagowa shita",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ごわごわ",
"tr": "intrans"
},
"expansion": "ごわごわする • (gowagowa suru) intransitive suru (stem ごわごわし (gowagowa shi), past ごわごわした (gowagowa shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
53,
58
]
],
"english": "He was only careful to keep his thick undershirt and stiff prison coat from sticking to his raw, wounded back.",
"ref": "1951, Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov, translated by 神西清訳, ムツェンスク郡のマクベス夫人:",
"roman": "Tada atsuji no hadagi to, gowagowa shita shūjin gaitō ga, nama kizu-darake no jibun no senaka ni hebaritsukanu yō ni ki o kubatte ita dake no koto datta.",
"text": "ただ厚地の肌着と、ごわごわした囚人外套が、なま傷だらけの自分の背中にへばり着かぬように気をくばっていただけのことだった。",
"translation": "He was only careful to keep his thick undershirt and stiff prison coat from sticking to his raw, wounded back.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"be stiff"
],
"id": "en-ごわごわ-ja-verb-SPgyS365"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡo̞β̞a̠ɡo̞β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "ごわごわ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese onomatopoeias",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ごわごわ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "ゴワゴワ"
},
"expansion": "ごわごわ or ゴワゴワ • (gowagowa)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stiffly"
],
"links": [
[
"stiffly",
"stiffly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡo̞β̞a̠ɡo̞β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "ごわごわ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese onomatopoeias",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ごわごわ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワ -na",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわな",
"roman": "gowagowa na",
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわに",
"roman": "gowagowa ni",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゴワゴワ",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "ごわごわ or ゴワゴワ • (gowagowa) -na (adnominal ごわごわな (gowagowa na), adverbial ごわごわに (gowagowa ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "ゴワゴワ",
"lemma": "ごわごわ",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stiff"
],
"links": [
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡo̞β̞a̠ɡo̞β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "ごわごわ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese onomatopoeias",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ごわごわする intransitive suru",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわし",
"roman": "gowagowa shi",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわした",
"roman": "gowagowa shita",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゴワゴワすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ごわごわすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "gowagowa sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ごわごわ",
"tr": "intrans"
},
"expansion": "ごわごわする • (gowagowa suru) intransitive suru (stem ごわごわし (gowagowa shi), past ごわごわした (gowagowa shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
53,
58
]
],
"english": "He was only careful to keep his thick undershirt and stiff prison coat from sticking to his raw, wounded back.",
"ref": "1951, Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov, translated by 神西清訳, ムツェンスク郡のマクベス夫人:",
"roman": "Tada atsuji no hadagi to, gowagowa shita shūjin gaitō ga, nama kizu-darake no jibun no senaka ni hebaritsukanu yō ni ki o kubatte ita dake no koto datta.",
"text": "ただ厚地の肌着と、ごわごわした囚人外套が、なま傷だらけの自分の背中にへばり着かぬように気をくばっていただけのことだった。",
"translation": "He was only careful to keep his thick undershirt and stiff prison coat from sticking to his raw, wounded back.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"be stiff"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡo̞β̞a̠ɡo̞β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "ごわごわ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ごわごわ meaning in Japanese (15.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ごわごわ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "ごわごわ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ごわごわ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ごわごわ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"ごわごわ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ごわごわ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"ごわごわ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ごわごわ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"ごわごわ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ごわごわ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"ごわごわ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ごわごわ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"ごわごわ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ごわごわ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"ごわごわ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ごわごわ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.