See ぎこちない in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Some dictionaries state that this is from earlier ぎこつない (gikotsunai, “blunt, brusque, rough”), with an early citation from 1534, but no further derivation given. The ending ない (-nai) appears to be the regular suffix indicating a quality or state (likely related to verb ending ぬ nu). However, there is no clear etymon for the gikotsu portion.\nMeanwhile, there is the now-obsolete classical Japanese adjective 骨無し (kochinashi) of very similar meaning, with citations in the Heian-period book The Tale of Genji. A later form 骨無し (kotsunashi) is dated to the mid-1300s, a couple centuries later. The kanji are likely ateji: the literal meaning of boneless as spelled does not fit the semantics of how this term is used. The -nashi portion is very likely the same -nai adjectival suffix indicating a quality or state, while the kotsu or kochi portions can be found in reduplicative native-Japanese adverbs こちこち (kochikochi, imitative of the sound of ticking, or rattling; also used to describe something moving uneasily due to stiffness or lack of lubrication) and こつこつ (kotsukotsu, imitative of the sound of hard objects striking, such as doors or wooden clogs; also used to describe a person's looks or personality as angular or prickly). However, there is no clear etymon for the gi- portion. It might be an alteration of 気 (ki, “mood, temperament”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gikochinai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなく",
"roman": "gikochinaku",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "ぎこちない • (gikochinai) -i (adverbial ぎこちなく (gikochinaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "",
"lemma": "ぎこちな",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"awkward, clumsy"
],
"id": "en-ぎこちない-ja-adj-HBM2nkEU",
"links": [
[
"awkward",
"awkward"
],
[
"clumsy",
"clumsy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tadotadoshii",
"word": "たどたどしい"
},
{
"roman": "gigochinai",
"word": "ぎごちない"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"The Tale of Genji"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぎこちない"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲiko̞t͡ɕina̠i]"
}
],
"word": "ぎこちない"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Some dictionaries state that this is from earlier ぎこつない (gikotsunai, “blunt, brusque, rough”), with an early citation from 1534, but no further derivation given. The ending ない (-nai) appears to be the regular suffix indicating a quality or state (likely related to verb ending ぬ nu). However, there is no clear etymon for the gikotsu portion.\nMeanwhile, there is the now-obsolete classical Japanese adjective 骨無し (kochinashi) of very similar meaning, with citations in the Heian-period book The Tale of Genji. A later form 骨無し (kotsunashi) is dated to the mid-1300s, a couple centuries later. The kanji are likely ateji: the literal meaning of boneless as spelled does not fit the semantics of how this term is used. The -nashi portion is very likely the same -nai adjectival suffix indicating a quality or state, while the kotsu or kochi portions can be found in reduplicative native-Japanese adverbs こちこち (kochikochi, imitative of the sound of ticking, or rattling; also used to describe something moving uneasily due to stiffness or lack of lubrication) and こつこつ (kotsukotsu, imitative of the sound of hard objects striking, such as doors or wooden clogs; also used to describe a person's looks or personality as angular or prickly). However, there is no clear etymon for the gi- portion. It might be an alteration of 気 (ki, “mood, temperament”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gikochinai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなく",
"roman": "gikochinaku",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎこちなさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "gikochinasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "ぎこちない • (gikochinai) -i (adverbial ぎこちなく (gikochinaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "",
"lemma": "ぎこちな",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"awkward, clumsy"
],
"links": [
[
"awkward",
"awkward"
],
[
"clumsy",
"clumsy"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"The Tale of Genji"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぎこちない"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲiko̞t͡ɕina̠i]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tadotadoshii",
"word": "たどたどしい"
},
{
"roman": "gigochinai",
"word": "ぎごちない"
}
],
"word": "ぎこちない"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ぎこちない meaning in Japanese (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ぎこちない"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ぎこちない",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.