See lucubrare in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "lucubro",
"4": "lūcubrāre",
"t": "to work at night or by candlelight or lamplight"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Classical Latin lūcubrāre (“to work at night or by candlelight or lamplight”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "itc-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lewk-o-dʰro-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "bright; to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Classical Latin lūcubrāre (“to work at night or by candlelight or lamplight”), from Proto-Italic *lewk-o-dʰro-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lucubràre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubro",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrài",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràto",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "it-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "lucubràre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràndo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrànte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubrano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràvo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràvi",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubravàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubravàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràvano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràsti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "lucubrò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "lucubràmmo",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "lucubràste",
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},
{
"form": "lucubràrono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerémo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubreréte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerànno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerèi",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerésti",
"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerèbbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerébbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerémmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubreréste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerèbbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerébbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubrino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràsse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràssimo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràssero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubrino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubrino",
"source": "conjugation",
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"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù-"
},
"expansion": "lucubràre (first-person singular present lùcubro, first-person singular past historic lucubrài, past participle lucubràto, auxiliary avére)",
"name": "it-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lu‧cu‧brà‧re"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù-"
},
"name": "it-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "elucubrare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 11 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 9 14 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to write by candlelight (or lamplight)"
],
"id": "en-lucubrare-it-verb-ETxBM7kO",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
],
[
"candlelight",
"candlelight"
],
[
"lamplight",
"lamplight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, ambitransitive) to write by candlelight (or lamplight)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to carefully elaborate or develop (e.g. a thought)"
],
"id": "en-lucubrare-it-verb-ZHbWSOf~",
"links": [
[
"carefully",
"carefully"
],
[
"elaborate",
"elaborate"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, ambitransitive, transferred sense) to carefully elaborate or develop (e.g. a thought)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lu.kuˈbra.re/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-are"
}
],
"word": "lucubrare"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Italian learned borrowings from Classical Latin",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Italian terms borrowed from Classical Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Classical Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Italian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verbs",
"Italian verbs ending in -are",
"Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/are",
"Rhymes:Italian/are/4 syllables"
],
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"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "lucubro",
"4": "lūcubrāre",
"t": "to work at night or by candlelight or lamplight"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Classical Latin lūcubrāre (“to work at night or by candlelight or lamplight”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lewk-o-dʰro-",
"name": "der"
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{
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"4": "",
"5": "bright; to shine"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”)",
"name": "der"
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],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Classical Latin lūcubrāre (“to work at night or by candlelight or lamplight”), from Proto-Italic *lewk-o-dʰro-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lucubràre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubro",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrài",
"tags": [
"first-person",
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},
{
"form": "lucubràto",
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},
{
"form": "avére",
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]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "it-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "lucubràre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràndo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrànte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubrano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràvo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràvi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubravàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubravàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràvano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràsti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràmmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràrono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerémo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubreréte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerànno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerèi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerésti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerèbbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerébbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerémmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubreréste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerèbbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubrerébbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubrino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràsse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràssimo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràssero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubrino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubriàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lucubràte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lùcubrino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù-"
},
"expansion": "lucubràre (first-person singular present lùcubro, first-person singular past historic lucubrài, past participle lucubràto, auxiliary avére)",
"name": "it-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lu‧cu‧brà‧re"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù-"
},
"name": "it-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "elucubrare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian intransitive verbs",
"Italian literary terms",
"Italian transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to write by candlelight (or lamplight)"
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
],
[
"candlelight",
"candlelight"
],
[
"lamplight",
"lamplight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, ambitransitive) to write by candlelight (or lamplight)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian intransitive verbs",
"Italian literary terms",
"Italian terms with transferred senses",
"Italian transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to carefully elaborate or develop (e.g. a thought)"
],
"links": [
[
"carefully",
"carefully"
],
[
"elaborate",
"elaborate"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, ambitransitive, transferred sense) to carefully elaborate or develop (e.g. a thought)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lu.kuˈbra.re/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-are"
}
],
"word": "lucubrare"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lucubrare meaning in Italian (9.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Italian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (db8a5a5 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.