See -i in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 14 18 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"parents": [
"Masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 13 14 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used with a stem to form the second-person singular present of regular -are, -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that do not take \"isc\""
],
"id": "en--i-it-suffix-IXMzD10A",
"links": [
[
"second-person",
"second person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"-are",
"-are#Italian"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Italian"
],
[
"-ire",
"-ire#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used with a stem to form the second-person imperative of -ere verbs"
],
"id": "en--i-it-suffix-bjef8BuL",
"links": [
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 14 18 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"parents": [
"Masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 13 14 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used with a stem to form the first-, second- and third-person singular present subjunctive of -are verbs"
],
"id": "en--i-it-suffix-J1oqCQ7D",
"links": [
[
"present subjunctive",
"present subjunctive#English"
],
[
"-are",
"-are#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 14 18 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"parents": [
"Masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 13 14 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperative of -are verbs"
],
"id": "en--i-it-suffix-0UYyjAA1",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ōs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ī, nominative plural, or from Latin -ōs, accusative plural, of masculine nouns in -us.",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 14 18 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"parents": [
"Masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 13 14 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the plural of nouns ending in -o"
],
"id": "en--i-it-suffix-yNb6dgKm",
"links": [
[
"-o",
"-o#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "There are two competing theories:\n# Formed analogically by borrowing the -i plural of Italian nouns in -o.\n# Formed phonologically from the expected Latin nominative/accusative plural -ēs according to the sound change -es > -ei > -i.",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 14 18 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"parents": [
"Masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 13 14 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the plural of nouns ending in -e"
],
"id": "en--i-it-suffix-hpxAXfiL",
"links": [
[
"-e",
"-e#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from the Latin genitive singular ending -ī of masculine nouns in -us.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "-i m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 16 4 19 19 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 14 18 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"parents": [
"Masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 13 14 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Giacomo (“James, Jacob”) + -i → Giacomi (surname)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Giacometto (“Jim, Jake”) + -i → Giacometti (surname)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ferraro (“smith”) + -i → Ferrari (surname)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms surnames from proper names, occupations, etc."
],
"id": "en--i-it-suffix--VyL4BzD",
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"invariable",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian countable suffixes",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine suffixes",
"Italian indeclinable suffixes",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Italian masculine suffixes",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun-forming suffixes",
"Italian suffix forms",
"Italian suffixes",
"Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"Pages with 50 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used with a stem to form the second-person singular present of regular -are, -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that do not take \"isc\""
],
"links": [
[
"second-person",
"second person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"-are",
"-are#Italian"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Italian"
],
[
"-ire",
"-ire#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used with a stem to form the second-person imperative of -ere verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used with a stem to form the first-, second- and third-person singular present subjunctive of -are verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"present subjunctive",
"present subjunctive#English"
],
[
"-are",
"-are#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperative of -are verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian countable suffixes",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine suffixes",
"Italian indeclinable suffixes",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Italian masculine suffixes",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun-forming suffixes",
"Italian suffix forms",
"Italian suffixes",
"Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 50 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ōs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ī, nominative plural, or from Latin -ōs, accusative plural, of masculine nouns in -us.",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form the plural of nouns ending in -o"
],
"links": [
[
"-o",
"-o#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian countable suffixes",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine suffixes",
"Italian indeclinable suffixes",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Italian masculine suffixes",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun-forming suffixes",
"Italian suffix forms",
"Italian suffixes",
"Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"Pages with 50 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "There are two competing theories:\n# Formed analogically by borrowing the -i plural of Italian nouns in -o.\n# Formed phonologically from the expected Latin nominative/accusative plural -ēs according to the sound change -es > -ei > -i.",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form the plural of nouns ending in -e"
],
"links": [
[
"-e",
"-e#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian countable suffixes",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine suffixes",
"Italian indeclinable suffixes",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Italian masculine suffixes",
"Italian noun-forming suffixes",
"Italian suffixes",
"Italian suffixes with multiple genders",
"Pages with 50 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from the Latin genitive singular ending -ī of masculine nouns in -us.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "-i m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Giacomo (“James, Jacob”) + -i → Giacomi (surname)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Giacometto (“Jim, Jake”) + -i → Giacometti (surname)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ferraro (“smith”) + -i → Ferrari (surname)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms surnames from proper names, occupations, etc."
],
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"invariable",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -i meaning in Italian (4.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-i"
],
"section": "Italian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-i",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-i"
],
"section": "Italian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-i",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-i"
],
"section": "Italian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-i",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-i"
],
"section": "Italian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-i",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Italian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.