"treff" meaning in Hungarian

See treff in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈtrɛfː]
Rhymes: -ɛfː Etymology: From French trèfle. Etymology templates: {{der|hu|fr|trèfle}} French trèfle Head templates: {{head|hu|noun|||plural|treffek||{{{alt}}}|head=|nopalindromecat=}} treff (plural treffek), {{hu-noun|ek}} treff (plural treffek) Inflection templates: {{hu-infl-nom|treffe|e}}, {{hu-infl-pos-table|1pl_pl=treffjeink|1pl_sg=treffünk|1sg_pl=treffjeim|1sg_sg=treffem|2pl_pl=treffjeitek|2pl_sg=treffetek|2sg_pl=treffjeid|2sg_sg=treffed|3pl_pl=treffjeik|3pl_sg=treffjük|3sg_pl=treffjei|3sg_sg=treffje|n=|perspron=}} Forms: treffek [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], treff [nominative, singular], treffek [nominative, plural], treffet [accusative, singular], treffeket [accusative, plural], treffnek [dative, singular], treffeknek [dative, plural], treffel [instrumental, singular], treffekkel [instrumental, plural], treffért [causal-final, singular], treffekért [causal-final, plural], treffé [singular, translative], treffekké [plural, translative], treffig [singular, terminative], treffekig [plural, terminative], treffként [essive-formal, singular], treffekként [essive-formal, plural], - [essive-modal, singular], - [essive-modal, plural], treffben [inessive, singular], treffekben [inessive, plural], treffen [singular, superessive], treffeken [plural, superessive], treffnél [adessive, singular], treffeknél [adessive, plural], treffbe [illative, singular], treffekbe [illative, plural], treffre [singular, sublative], treffekre [plural, sublative], treffhez [allative, singular], treffekhez [allative, plural], treffből [elative, singular], treffekből [elative, plural], treffről [delative, singular], treffekről [delative, plural], trefftől [ablative, singular], treffektől [ablative, plural], treffé [possessed-single, possessive, predicative, singular], treffeké [plural, possessed-single, possessive, predicative], trefféi [possessed-single, possessive, predicative, singular], treffekéi [plural, possessed-single, possessive, predicative], no-table-tags [table-tags], treffem [first-person, possessed-single, possessive, singular], treffjeim [first-person, possessed-many, possessive, singular], treffed [possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], treffjeid [possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], treffje [possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], treffjei [possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], treffünk [first-person, plural, possessed-single, possessive], treffjeink [first-person, plural, possessed-many, possessive], treffetek [plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], treffjeitek [plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], treffjük [plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], treffjeik [plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person]
  1. club (symbol on playing-cards) Categories (topical): Card games Coordinate_terms: kőr, káró, pikk

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "trèfle"
      },
      "expansion": "French trèfle",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French trèfle.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "treffek",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hu-infl-nom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "front unrounded harmony",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-e-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treff",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffet",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeket",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffnek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeknek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekkel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffért",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "causal-final",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekért",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "causal-final",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffig",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekig",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffként",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-formal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekként",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-formal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-modal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-modal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffben",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekben",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeken",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffnél",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeknél",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffhez",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekhez",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffből",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekből",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffről",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekről",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trefftől",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffektől",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trefféi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekéi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hu-pos-etek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffed",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffünk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeink",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffetek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeitek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjük",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeik",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "treffek",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{alt}}}",
        "head": "",
        "nopalindromecat": ""
      },
      "expansion": "treff (plural treffek)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ek"
      },
      "expansion": "treff (plural treffek)",
      "name": "hu-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "treff"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "treffe",
        "2": "e"
      },
      "name": "hu-infl-nom"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1pl_pl": "treffjeink",
        "1pl_sg": "treffünk",
        "1sg_pl": "treffjeim",
        "1sg_sg": "treffem",
        "2pl_pl": "treffjeitek",
        "2pl_sg": "treffetek",
        "2sg_pl": "treffjeid",
        "2sg_sg": "treffed",
        "3pl_pl": "treffjeik",
        "3pl_sg": "treffjük",
        "3sg_pl": "treffjei",
        "3sg_sg": "treffje",
        "n": "",
        "perspron": ""
      },
      "name": "hu-infl-pos-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Card games",
          "orig": "hu:Card games",
          "parents": [
            "Games",
            "Recreation",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "kőr"
        },
        {
          "word": "káró"
        },
        {
          "word": "pikk"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "club (symbol on playing-cards)"
      ],
      "id": "en-treff-hu-noun-DFkA4~nE",
      "links": [
        [
          "club",
          "club"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtrɛfː]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛfː"
    }
  ],
  "word": "treff"
}
{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "kőr"
    },
    {
      "word": "káró"
    },
    {
      "word": "pikk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "trèfle"
      },
      "expansion": "French trèfle",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French trèfle.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "treffek",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hu-infl-nom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "front unrounded harmony",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-e-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treff",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffet",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeket",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffnek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeknek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekkel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffért",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "causal-final",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekért",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "causal-final",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffig",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekig",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffként",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-formal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekként",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-formal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-modal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-modal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffben",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekben",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeken",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffnél",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeknél",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffhez",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekhez",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffből",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekből",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffről",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekről",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trefftől",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffektől",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffeké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trefféi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffekéi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hu-pos-etek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffed",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffünk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeink",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffetek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeitek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjük",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treffjeik",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "treffek",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{alt}}}",
        "head": "",
        "nopalindromecat": ""
      },
      "expansion": "treff (plural treffek)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ek"
      },
      "expansion": "treff (plural treffek)",
      "name": "hu-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "treff"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "treffe",
        "2": "e"
      },
      "name": "hu-infl-nom"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1pl_pl": "treffjeink",
        "1pl_sg": "treffünk",
        "1sg_pl": "treffjeim",
        "1sg_sg": "treffem",
        "2pl_pl": "treffjeitek",
        "2pl_sg": "treffetek",
        "2sg_pl": "treffjeid",
        "2sg_sg": "treffed",
        "3pl_pl": "treffjeik",
        "3pl_sg": "treffjük",
        "3sg_pl": "treffjei",
        "3sg_sg": "treffje",
        "n": "",
        "perspron": ""
      },
      "name": "hu-infl-pos-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Hungarian lemmas",
        "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Hungarian nouns",
        "Hungarian terms derived from French",
        "Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛfː",
        "Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛfː/1 syllable",
        "hu:Card games"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "club (symbol on playing-cards)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "club",
          "club"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtrɛfː]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛfː"
    }
  ],
  "word": "treff"
}

Download raw JSONL data for treff meaning in Hungarian (6.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Hungarian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.