See -ए in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ए meaning in Hindi (13.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀲𑀺",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀲𑀺 (-asi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀲𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀲𑀺 (-asi)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-असि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -असि (-asi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-asi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-asi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-esi",
"pos": "second person present"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-esi (second person present)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀤𑀺",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀤𑀺 (-adi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀤𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀤𑀺 (-adi)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अति (-ati)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-ati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eti",
"pos": "third person present"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eti (third person present)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀏𑀲𑀺",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀲𑀺 (-esi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀏𑀲𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀲𑀺 (-esi)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अयसि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अयसि (-ayasi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-áyasi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyasi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éyesi",
"pos": "second person causative present"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-éyesi (second person causative present)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀏𑀤𑀺",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀤𑀺 (-edi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀏𑀤𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀤𑀺 (-edi)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अयति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-áyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éyeti",
"pos": "third person causative imperfective"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti (third person causative imperfective)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Merging from a few sources:\n* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀲𑀺 (-asi), from Sanskrit -असि (-asi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-asi, from Proto-Indo-European *-esi (second person present).\n* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀤𑀺 (-adi), from Sanskrit -अति (-ati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *-eti (third person present).\n* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀲𑀺 (-esi), from Sanskrit -अयसि (-ayasi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyasi, from Proto-Indo-European *-éyesi (second person causative present).\n* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀤𑀺 (-edi), from Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyati, from Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti (third person causative imperfective).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ए • (-e)",
"name": "hi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 12 12 11 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the second-person singular simple subjunctive."
],
"id": "en--ए-hi-suffix-AFW318d2",
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 12 12 11 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the third-person singular simple subjunctive."
],
"id": "en--ए-hi-suffix-fBeqe3wU",
"links": [
[
"third-person singular",
"third-person singular#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eː/",
"tags": [
"Delhi-Hindi"
]
}
],
"word": "-ए"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अक (-aka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अहिं",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-ahiṃ",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहिं (-ahiṃ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अहिं",
"nocap": "1",
"tr": "-ahiṃ"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहिं (-ahiṃ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀺 (-aṃsi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अस्मिन्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अस्मिन् (-asmin)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-sap",
"2": "-अए",
"tr": "-aĕ/-ai"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अए (-aĕ/-ai)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अ (-a)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-sap",
"2": "-अहु",
"pos": "genitive singular",
"tr": "-ahu"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहु (-ahu, genitive singular)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अस्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अस्य (-asya)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-एन"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -एन (-ena)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-aya",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"nocap": "1",
"tr": "-aya"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀕"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕 (-aga)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अक",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अक m (-aka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-aya",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"nocap": "1",
"tr": "-aya"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀕𑀸"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕𑀸 (-agā)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अकाः",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अकाः m (-akāḥ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"tr": "-aya"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "-ई"
},
"expansion": "Hindi -ई (-ī)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -अक (-aka):\n* The oblique singular probably inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहिं (-ahiṃ), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀺 (-aṃsi), from Sanskrit -अस्मिन् (-asmin), the pronominal locative singular ending (cf. अस्मिन् (asmin), तस्मिन् (tasmin), etc). The nasality was lost due to interference from the alternative Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अए (-aĕ/-ai) ending, from -𑀅𑀕𑁂 (-age), ultimately from Sanskrit -अ (-a) + -के (-ke), the locative singular of -क (-ka). That this ending is continues the pronominal locative singular ending is not beyond doubt, because normally the oblique case is based on the genitive. Alternatively, this ending is the result of a crossing of the above two sources, Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहु (-ahu, genitive singular) (from Sanskrit -अस्य (-asya)), and -एं (-ĕṃ/-iṃ, instrumental singular) (from Sanskrit -एन (-ena)).\n* The vocative singular inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕 (-aga), from Sanskrit -अक m (-aka), the vocative singular.\n* The direct plural inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕𑀸 (-agā), from Sanskrit -अकाः m (-akāḥ), the nominative plural.\n* The oblique plural Sanskrit -अकानाम् (-akānām) gave -𑀅𑀕𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀁 (-agāṇāṃ), which developed into -ओं (-õ). For adjectives, the ending was affected by haplological shortening early on resulting in -𑀅𑀕𑀸(𑀡𑀸𑀁) (-agā(ṇāṃ)), later Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya) and finally -ए (-e). The oblique vocative had similar haplology. Compare Hindi -ई (-ī).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ए • (-e)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 12 12 11 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "-ā",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oblique singular of -आ (-ā)"
],
"id": "en--ए-hi-suffix-97l4p7hl",
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 12 12 11 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "-ā",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative singular of -आ (-ā)"
],
"id": "en--ए-hi-suffix-VVbk59HK",
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 12 12 11 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "-ā",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative plural of -आ (-ā)"
],
"id": "en--ए-hi-suffix-tNwdhNkM",
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "काले घोड़ों (kāle ghoṛõ) for \"black horses\" in the oblique plural; note the different conjugations for the adjective and noun"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(-ā) strictly for adjectives",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oblique plural of -आ (-ā) strictly for adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ए-hi-suffix-SFTBJwS7",
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 12 12 11 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(-ā) strictly for adjectives",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative plural of -आ (-ā) strictly for adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ए-hi-suffix-F7tgbBeK",
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eː/",
"tags": [
"Delhi-Hindi"
]
}
],
"word": "-ए"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"Hindi lemmas",
"Hindi non-lemma forms",
"Hindi suffix forms",
"Hindi suffixes",
"Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀲𑀺",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀲𑀺 (-asi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀲𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀲𑀺 (-asi)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-असि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -असि (-asi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-asi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-asi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-esi",
"pos": "second person present"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-esi (second person present)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀤𑀺",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀤𑀺 (-adi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀤𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀤𑀺 (-adi)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अति (-ati)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-ati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eti",
"pos": "third person present"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eti (third person present)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀏𑀲𑀺",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀲𑀺 (-esi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀏𑀲𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀲𑀺 (-esi)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अयसि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अयसि (-ayasi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-áyasi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyasi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éyesi",
"pos": "second person causative present"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-éyesi (second person causative present)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀏𑀤𑀺",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀤𑀺 (-edi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀏𑀤𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀤𑀺 (-edi)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अयति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-áyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éyeti",
"pos": "third person causative imperfective"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti (third person causative imperfective)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Merging from a few sources:\n* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀲𑀺 (-asi), from Sanskrit -असि (-asi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-asi, from Proto-Indo-European *-esi (second person present).\n* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀤𑀺 (-adi), from Sanskrit -अति (-ati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *-eti (third person present).\n* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀲𑀺 (-esi), from Sanskrit -अयसि (-ayasi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyasi, from Proto-Indo-European *-éyesi (second person causative present).\n* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀏𑀤𑀺 (-edi), from Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyati, from Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti (third person causative imperfective).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ए • (-e)",
"name": "hi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the second-person singular simple subjunctive."
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the third-person singular simple subjunctive."
],
"links": [
[
"third-person singular",
"third-person singular#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eː/",
"tags": [
"Delhi-Hindi"
]
}
],
"word": "-ए"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"Hindi non-lemma forms",
"Hindi suffix forms",
"Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अक (-aka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अहिं",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-ahiṃ",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहिं (-ahiṃ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अहिं",
"nocap": "1",
"tr": "-ahiṃ"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहिं (-ahiṃ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀺 (-aṃsi)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अस्मिन्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अस्मिन् (-asmin)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-sap",
"2": "-अए",
"tr": "-aĕ/-ai"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अए (-aĕ/-ai)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अ (-a)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-sap",
"2": "-अहु",
"pos": "genitive singular",
"tr": "-ahu"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहु (-ahu, genitive singular)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अस्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अस्य (-asya)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-एन"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -एन (-ena)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-aya",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"nocap": "1",
"tr": "-aya"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀕"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕 (-aga)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अक",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अक m (-aka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-aya",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"nocap": "1",
"tr": "-aya"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "-𑀅𑀕𑀸"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕𑀸 (-agā)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अकाः",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अकाः m (-akāḥ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-sap",
"3": "-अय",
"tr": "-aya"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "-ई"
},
"expansion": "Hindi -ई (-ī)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -अक (-aka):\n* The oblique singular probably inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहिं (-ahiṃ), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀺 (-aṃsi), from Sanskrit -अस्मिन् (-asmin), the pronominal locative singular ending (cf. अस्मिन् (asmin), तस्मिन् (tasmin), etc). The nasality was lost due to interference from the alternative Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अए (-aĕ/-ai) ending, from -𑀅𑀕𑁂 (-age), ultimately from Sanskrit -अ (-a) + -के (-ke), the locative singular of -क (-ka). That this ending is continues the pronominal locative singular ending is not beyond doubt, because normally the oblique case is based on the genitive. Alternatively, this ending is the result of a crossing of the above two sources, Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अहु (-ahu, genitive singular) (from Sanskrit -अस्य (-asya)), and -एं (-ĕṃ/-iṃ, instrumental singular) (from Sanskrit -एन (-ena)).\n* The vocative singular inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕 (-aga), from Sanskrit -अक m (-aka), the vocative singular.\n* The direct plural inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕𑀸 (-agā), from Sanskrit -अकाः m (-akāḥ), the nominative plural.\n* The oblique plural Sanskrit -अकानाम् (-akānām) gave -𑀅𑀕𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀁 (-agāṇāṃ), which developed into -ओं (-õ). For adjectives, the ending was affected by haplological shortening early on resulting in -𑀅𑀕𑀸(𑀡𑀸𑀁) (-agā(ṇāṃ)), later Sauraseni Apabhramsa -अय (-aya) and finally -ए (-e). The oblique vocative had similar haplology. Compare Hindi -ई (-ī).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ए • (-e)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "-ā",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oblique singular of -आ (-ā)"
],
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "-ā",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative singular of -आ (-ā)"
],
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "-ā",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative plural of -आ (-ā)"
],
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "काले घोड़ों (kāle ghoṛõ) for \"black horses\" in the oblique plural; note the different conjugations for the adjective and noun"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(-ā) strictly for adjectives",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oblique plural of -आ (-ā) strictly for adjectives"
],
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(-ā) strictly for adjectives",
"word": "-आ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative plural of -आ (-ā) strictly for adjectives"
],
"links": [
[
"-आ",
"-आ#Hindi"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eː/",
"tags": [
"Delhi-Hindi"
]
}
],
"word": "-ए"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Hindi dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.