See કડવું in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "inc-mgu",
"3": "कडूउं",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Gujarati कडूउं",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "inc-mgu",
"3": "कडूउं"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Gujarati कडूउं",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "inc-ogu",
"3": "कडूउं"
},
"expansion": "Old Gujarati कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "pra",
"3": "𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कटुक",
"4": "કટુક",
"tr": "káṭuka"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit કટુક (káṭuka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kaṭ-u",
"4": "",
"5": "pain, sting, be pungent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kaṭ-u (“pain, sting, be pungent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "কড়ুয়া"
},
"expansion": "Bengali কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ކުޅި"
},
"expansion": "Dhivehi ކުޅި (kuḷi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "कडू"
},
"expansion": "Marathi कडू (kaḍū)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "si",
"2": "කුළු"
},
"expansion": "Sinhalese කුළු (kuḷu)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Gujarati कडूउं, from Old Gujarati कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua), from Sanskrit કટુક (káṭuka), possibly from Proto-Dravidian *kaṭ-u (“pain, sting, be pungent”). Cognate to Bengali কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa), Dhivehi ކުޅި (kuḷi), Hindustani کَڑْوَا / कड़वा (kaṛvā), Marathi कडू (kaḍū), Sinhalese කුළු (kuḷu).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṛvũ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gu-adj-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવો",
"roman": "kaḍvo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવા",
"roman": "kaḍvā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવા",
"roman": "kaḍvā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવે",
"roman": "kaḍve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવું",
"roman": "kaḍvũ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવા",
"roman": "kaḍvā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવાં",
"roman": "kaḍvā̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવે",
"roman": "kaḍve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવી",
"roman": "kaḍvī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવી",
"roman": "kaḍvī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવી",
"roman": "kaḍvī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"sccat": "1",
"sort": "",
"tr": "kaṛvũ"
},
"expansion": "કડવું • (kaṛvũ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "kaṛvũ"
},
"expansion": "કડવું • (kaṛvũ)",
"name": "gu-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"કડ‧વું"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "કડવો",
"2": "કડવા",
"3": "કડવે",
"4": "કડવું",
"5": "કડવાં",
"6": "કડવી"
},
"name": "gu-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gujarati adjectives in Gujarati script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gujarati entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gujarati links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gujarati links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gujarati terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:gu-adj-c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "gu",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "gu:Taste",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter"
],
"id": "en-કડવું-gu-adj-u-jpUx4B",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "mīṭhũ",
"word": "મીઠું"
},
{
"roman": "khāṭũ",
"word": "ખાટું"
},
{
"roman": "khārũ",
"word": "ખારું"
},
{
"roman": "tīkhũ",
"word": "તીખું"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkəɽ.ʋũ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ũ"
}
],
"word": "કડવું"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "inc-mgu",
"3": "कडूउं",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Gujarati कडूउं",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "inc-mgu",
"3": "कडूउं"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Gujarati कडूउं",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "inc-ogu",
"3": "कडूउं"
},
"expansion": "Old Gujarati कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "pra",
"3": "𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कटुक",
"4": "કટુક",
"tr": "káṭuka"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit કટુક (káṭuka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kaṭ-u",
"4": "",
"5": "pain, sting, be pungent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kaṭ-u (“pain, sting, be pungent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "কড়ুয়া"
},
"expansion": "Bengali কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ކުޅި"
},
"expansion": "Dhivehi ކުޅި (kuḷi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "कडू"
},
"expansion": "Marathi कडू (kaḍū)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "si",
"2": "කුළු"
},
"expansion": "Sinhalese කුළු (kuḷu)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Gujarati कडूउं, from Old Gujarati कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua), from Sanskrit કટુક (káṭuka), possibly from Proto-Dravidian *kaṭ-u (“pain, sting, be pungent”). Cognate to Bengali কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa), Dhivehi ކުޅި (kuḷi), Hindustani کَڑْوَا / कड़वा (kaṛvā), Marathi कडू (kaḍū), Sinhalese කුළු (kuḷu).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṛvũ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gu-adj-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવો",
"roman": "kaḍvo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવા",
"roman": "kaḍvā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવા",
"roman": "kaḍvā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવે",
"roman": "kaḍve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવું",
"roman": "kaḍvũ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવા",
"roman": "kaḍvā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવાં",
"roman": "kaḍvā̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવે",
"roman": "kaḍve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવી",
"roman": "kaḍvī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવી",
"roman": "kaḍvī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "કડવી",
"roman": "kaḍvī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"sccat": "1",
"sort": "",
"tr": "kaṛvũ"
},
"expansion": "કડવું • (kaṛvũ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "kaṛvũ"
},
"expansion": "કડવું • (kaṛvũ)",
"name": "gu-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"કડ‧વું"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "કડવો",
"2": "કડવા",
"3": "કડવે",
"4": "કડવું",
"5": "કડવાં",
"6": "કડવી"
},
"name": "gu-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "mīṭhũ",
"word": "મીઠું"
},
{
"roman": "khāṭũ",
"word": "ખાટું"
},
{
"roman": "khārũ",
"word": "ખારું"
},
{
"roman": "tīkhũ",
"word": "તીખું"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Gujarati adjectives",
"Gujarati adjectives in Gujarati script",
"Gujarati entries with incorrect language header",
"Gujarati lemmas",
"Gujarati links with redundant alt parameters",
"Gujarati links with redundant wikilinks",
"Gujarati terms derived from Middle Gujarati",
"Gujarati terms derived from Old Gujarati",
"Gujarati terms derived from Prakrit",
"Gujarati terms derived from Proto-Dravidian",
"Gujarati terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Gujarati terms inherited from Middle Gujarati",
"Gujarati terms inherited from Old Gujarati",
"Gujarati terms inherited from Prakrit",
"Gujarati terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Gujarati terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Gujarati terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:gu-adj-c",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Gujarati/ũ",
"Rhymes:Gujarati/ũ/2 syllables",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"gu:Taste"
],
"glosses": [
"bitter"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkəɽ.ʋũ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ũ"
}
],
"word": "કડવું"
}
Download raw JSONL data for કડવું meaning in Gujarati (5.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'oblique/vocative/ instrumental'",
"path": [
"કડવું"
],
"section": "Gujarati",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "કડવું",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"કડવું",
"Template:gu-adj-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Gujarati",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "કડવું",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"કડવું",
"Template:gu-adj-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Gujarati",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "કડવું",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"કડવું",
"Template:gu-adj-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Gujarati",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "કડવું",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"કડવું",
"Template:gu-adj-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Gujarati",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "કડવું",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Gujarati dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.