See Dunkelziffer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Dunkelziffer meaning in German (4.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dunkel",
"3": "Ziffer",
"lit1": "dark",
"lit2": "digit",
"t1": "uncertain",
"t2": "figure"
},
"expansion": "dunkel (“uncertain”, literally “dark”) + Ziffer (“figure”, literally “digit”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "***dark-number"
},
"expansion": "***dark-number",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "dunkel (“uncertain”, literally “dark”) + Ziffer (“figure”, literally “digit”). Colported first in criminology in 1908 by the PhD thesis Unverbesserliche Verbrecher und ihre Behandlung p. 28 of Shigema Oba, a Japanese jurist moving 1905 to Germany for studying Western law, on the model of alleged statistician English ***dark-number which according to current corpora seems either entirely made up as such or merely heard in some lecture (but rather false memory since he neither hyphenated it in a likely manner nor translated it correctly, were it to have existed).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Dunkelziffer f (genitive Dunkelziffer, plural Dunkelziffern)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Dun‧kel‧zif‧fer"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German ghost words",
"parents": [
"Ghost words",
"Terms by etymology"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2020 June 20, Andreas Bernard, “Jenseits der Dunkelziffer”, in Die Zeit",
"text": "Abgesehen von den politischen Instrumentierungen wird die Dunkelziffer aber gerade in einer Welt als zunehmend inakzeptabler Makel empfunden, die durch digitale Technologien und \"Big-Data\"-Speicher der Utopie einer restlosen Datenerfassung nachhängt.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2022 May 23, Natalie Mayroth, “Extreme Hitze in Indien und Pakistan: Gelebte Klimakrise”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz, →ISSN",
"text": "Auch so aber sind schon fast 100 Tote gemeldet worden, eine hohe Dunkelziffer ist wahrscheinlich.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark figure (estimated number of unreported cases)"
],
"id": "en-Dunkelziffer-de-noun-pArLefHI",
"links": [
[
"journalistic",
"journalistic"
],
[
"dark figure",
"dark figure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, journalistic) dark figure (estimated number of unreported cases)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Dunkelfeld"
},
{
"word": "Hellfeld"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Dunkelzahl"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋkəlˌt͡sɪfɐ/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Dunkelziffer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/De-Dunkelziffer.ogg/De-Dunkelziffer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/De-Dunkelziffer.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "Dunkelziffer"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dunkel",
"3": "Ziffer",
"lit1": "dark",
"lit2": "digit",
"t1": "uncertain",
"t2": "figure"
},
"expansion": "dunkel (“uncertain”, literally “dark”) + Ziffer (“figure”, literally “digit”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "***dark-number"
},
"expansion": "***dark-number",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "dunkel (“uncertain”, literally “dark”) + Ziffer (“figure”, literally “digit”). Colported first in criminology in 1908 by the PhD thesis Unverbesserliche Verbrecher und ihre Behandlung p. 28 of Shigema Oba, a Japanese jurist moving 1905 to Germany for studying Western law, on the model of alleged statistician English ***dark-number which according to current corpora seems either entirely made up as such or merely heard in some lecture (but rather false memory since he neither hyphenated it in a likely manner nor translated it correctly, were it to have existed).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Dunkelziffern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Dunkelziffer f (genitive Dunkelziffer, plural Dunkelziffern)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Dun‧kel‧zif‧fer"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Dunkelfeld"
},
{
"word": "Hellfeld"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German 4-syllable words",
"German coinages",
"German compound terms",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German feminine nouns",
"German ghost words",
"German informal terms",
"German journalistic terms",
"German lemmas",
"German nouns",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2020 June 20, Andreas Bernard, “Jenseits der Dunkelziffer”, in Die Zeit",
"text": "Abgesehen von den politischen Instrumentierungen wird die Dunkelziffer aber gerade in einer Welt als zunehmend inakzeptabler Makel empfunden, die durch digitale Technologien und \"Big-Data\"-Speicher der Utopie einer restlosen Datenerfassung nachhängt.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2022 May 23, Natalie Mayroth, “Extreme Hitze in Indien und Pakistan: Gelebte Klimakrise”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz, →ISSN",
"text": "Auch so aber sind schon fast 100 Tote gemeldet worden, eine hohe Dunkelziffer ist wahrscheinlich.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark figure (estimated number of unreported cases)"
],
"links": [
[
"journalistic",
"journalistic"
],
[
"dark figure",
"dark figure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, journalistic) dark figure (estimated number of unreported cases)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Dunkelzahl"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋkəlˌt͡sɪfɐ/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Dunkelziffer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/De-Dunkelziffer.ogg/De-Dunkelziffer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/De-Dunkelziffer.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "Dunkelziffer"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: informal, journalistic",
"path": [
"Dunkelziffer"
],
"section": "German",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Dunkelziffer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: informal, journalistic",
"path": [
"Dunkelziffer"
],
"section": "German",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Dunkelziffer",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.