See -st in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -st meaning in German (3.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -est",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "",
"3": "sizzes du → sizzestu → sizzest du",
"t": "do you sit"
},
"expansion": "sizzes du → sizzestu → sizzest du (“do you sit”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -est, from older -es through rebracketing in inverted forms like sizzes du → sizzestu → sizzest du (“do you sit”). Further from a merger of various Old High German conjugation suffixes, from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lachen (“to laugh”) + -st → du lachst (“you laugh, thou laughest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spielen (“to play”) + -st → du spielst (“you play, thou playest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Verb suffix for the second-person singular."
],
"id": "en--st-de-suffix-pBHsDWTp",
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/"
},
{
"ipa": "/s/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -est",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ōst"
},
"expansion": "-ōst",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-istaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōstaz"
},
"expansion": "*-ōstaz",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -est, from a merger of Old High German -ist and -ōst, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz and *-ōstaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "klein (“small”) + -st → der kleinste (“the smallest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lang (“long”) + -st → der längste (“the longest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "herzlich (“cordially”) + -st → am herzlichsten (“most cordially”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "schleunig (“speedily”) + -st → schleunigst (“straight away”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms superlatives of adjectives and adverbs, sometimes triggering umlaut."
],
"id": "en--st-de-suffix-hYxbBw-S",
"links": [
[
"umlaut",
"umlaut#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -est",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "",
"3": "sizzes du → sizzestu → sizzest du",
"t": "do you sit"
},
"expansion": "sizzes du → sizzestu → sizzest du (“do you sit”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -est, from older -es through rebracketing in inverted forms like sizzes du → sizzestu → sizzest du (“do you sit”). Further from a merger of various Old High German conjugation suffixes, from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lachen (“to laugh”) + -st → du lachst (“you laugh, thou laughest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spielen (“to play”) + -st → du spielst (“you play, thou playest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Verb suffix for the second-person singular."
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/"
},
{
"ipa": "/s/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -est",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ōst"
},
"expansion": "-ōst",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-istaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōstaz"
},
"expansion": "*-ōstaz",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -est, from a merger of Old High German -ist and -ōst, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz and *-ōstaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German links with redundant target parameters",
"German links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "klein (“small”) + -st → der kleinste (“the smallest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lang (“long”) + -st → der längste (“the longest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "herzlich (“cordially”) + -st → am herzlichsten (“most cordially”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "schleunig (“speedily”) + -st → schleunigst (“straight away”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms superlatives of adjectives and adverbs, sometimes triggering umlaut."
],
"links": [
[
"umlaut",
"umlaut#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.