See -ა in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 0 40 44 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My message is to the man and the woman",
"roman": "čemi es gzavnili eʒɣvneba ḳacsa tu kals",
"text": "ჩემი ეს გზავნილი ეძღვნება კაცსა თუ ქალს",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffixed to nouns and adjectives for the purpose of euphony. Separates the final consonant of a suffixed term from the initial consonant of the next word. It may also split a postposition-attached word (see -ა- (-a-))."
],
"id": "en--ა-ka-suffix-tmh3xPtA",
"links": [
[
"euphony",
"euphony#English"
],
[
"-ა-",
"-ა-#Georgian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Contraction of არის (aris, “is”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She/he is a doctor",
"roman": "is ekimia",
"text": "ის ექიმია",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She/he/it is beautiful",
"roman": "lamazia",
"text": "ლამაზია",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"is"
],
"id": "en--ა-ka-suffix--lH9Sav2",
"links": [
[
"is",
"is"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 0 40 44 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 19 20 2 3 10 20 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 19 20 1 2 9 20 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 20 21 1 1 8 21 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ა-ka-suffix-sbtovLst",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "privative; ironic"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-a",
"id": "privative; ironic"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *-a",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Both senses are from Proto-Kartvelian *-a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 0 40 44 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 19 20 2 3 10 20 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 19 20 1 2 9 20 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 20 21 1 1 8 21 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "კუდი (ḳudi, “tail”) + -ა (-a) → კუდა (ḳuda, “tailless, short-tailed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ფეხი (pexi, “leg”) + -ა (-a) → ფეხა (pexa, “lame”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffixed to nouns to form privative adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ა-ka-suffix-L8aYqOrG",
"links": [
[
"privative adjective",
"privative adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ცხვირი (cxviri, “nose”) + -ა (-a) → ცხვირა (cxvira, “(big-)nosed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ცალი (cali, “one”) + თვალი (tvali, “eye”) + -ა (-a) → ცალთვალა (caltvala, “one-eyed”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses having something"
],
"id": "en--ა-ka-suffix-s~4bVvls",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Developed from -ად (-ad).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ჩქარი (čkari, “quick”) + -ა (-a) → ჩქარა (čkara, “quickly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ნელი (neli, “slow”) + -ა (-a) → ნელა (nela, “slowly”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adverbs."
],
"id": "en--ა-ka-suffix-CAlTnbUa",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"categories": [
"Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
"Georgian lemmas",
"Georgian suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Georgian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My message is to the man and the woman",
"roman": "čemi es gzavnili eʒɣvneba ḳacsa tu kals",
"text": "ჩემი ეს გზავნილი ეძღვნება კაცსა თუ ქალს",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffixed to nouns and adjectives for the purpose of euphony. Separates the final consonant of a suffixed term from the initial consonant of the next word. It may also split a postposition-attached word (see -ა- (-a-))."
],
"links": [
[
"euphony",
"euphony#English"
],
[
"-ა-",
"-ა-#Georgian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"categories": [
"Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
"Georgian lemmas",
"Georgian suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Contraction of არის (aris, “is”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Georgian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She/he is a doctor",
"roman": "is ekimia",
"text": "ის ექიმია",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She/he/it is beautiful",
"roman": "lamazia",
"text": "ლამაზია",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"is"
],
"links": [
[
"is",
"is"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"categories": [
"Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
"Georgian lemmas",
"Georgian suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"categories": [
"Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
"Georgian lemmas",
"Georgian suffixes",
"Georgian terms derived from Proto-Kartvelian",
"Georgian terms inherited from Proto-Kartvelian",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "privative; ironic"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-a",
"id": "privative; ironic"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *-a",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Both senses are from Proto-Kartvelian *-a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "კუდი (ḳudi, “tail”) + -ა (-a) → კუდა (ḳuda, “tailless, short-tailed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ფეხი (pexi, “leg”) + -ა (-a) → ფეხა (pexa, “lame”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffixed to nouns to form privative adjectives"
],
"links": [
[
"privative adjective",
"privative adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ცხვირი (cxviri, “nose”) + -ა (-a) → ცხვირა (cxvira, “(big-)nosed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ცალი (cali, “one”) + თვალი (tvali, “eye”) + -ა (-a) → ცალთვალა (caltvala, “one-eyed”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses having something"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
{
"categories": [
"Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
"Georgian lemmas",
"Georgian suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Developed from -ად (-ad).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ა • (-a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ჩქარი (čkari, “quick”) + -ა (-a) → ჩქარა (čkara, “quickly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ნელი (neli, “slow”) + -ა (-a) → ნელა (nela, “slowly”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ა"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ა meaning in Georgian (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Georgian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.