"ცხინვალი" meaning in Georgian

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "Ցխինվալ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: Ցխինվալ (Cʻxinval)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: Ցխինվալ (Cʻxinval)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Tskhinvali",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Tskhinvali",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Tskhinvali"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "os",
            "2": "Цхинвал",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ossetian: Цхинвал (Cxinval)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ossetian: Цхинвал (Cxinval)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "Цхинвал",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: Цхинвал (Cxinval)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: Цхинвал (Cxinval)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "ka-mid",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Georgian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "oge",
        "3": "ქრცხილვანი"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Georgian ქრცხილვანი (krcxilvani)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "ccs-pro",
        "3": "*krcxeml-",
        "t": "hornbeam"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *krcxeml- (“hornbeam”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Carpinus",
        "2": "genus"
      },
      "expansion": "Carpinus",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the 14th century.\nFrom Middle Georgian, from Old Georgian ქრცხილვანი (krcxilvani), from ქრცხილი (krcxili, “hornbeam”) + -ოვანი (-ovani, adjectival suffix), ultimately from Proto-Kartvelian *krcxeml- (“hornbeam”).\nThe earliest form was probably *ქრცხილოვანი (*krcxilovani), *ქრცხილოანი (*krcxiloani). In the 15th century it developed into კრცხილვანი (ḳrcxilvani) (the ქ (k) → კ (ḳ) development is regular in Middle Georgian). Due to metathesis of the consonants and due to natural drift in the language, the first two consonants of the root (*კ (*ḳ) and *რ (*r)) were lost, while *ლ (*l) was replaced with the more convenient *ნ (*n) (and vice versa. The same development is seen in Old Georgian ჟილვანი (žilvani) → ჟინვალი (žinvali)).\nIn all forms of the term the root is *ქრცხილ- (*krcxil-) (or later *კრცხილ- (*ḳrcxil-)), suffixed with -ოვანი (-ovani, “having certain characteristics or qualities”), where ო (o) is lost due to phonetic contraction. Old Georgian ქრცხილა (krcxila) (modern რცხილა (rcxila, “hornbeam”)) was the name of a certain type of an endemic tree (of genus Carpinus) commonly found in this region. Thus, the literal meaning of the toponym can be viewed as \"the land of hornbeams\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cxinvali",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ცხინვალი • (cxinvali)",
      "name": "ka-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ცხინ‧ვა‧ლი"
  ],
  "lang": "Georgian",
  "lang_code": "ka",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ka",
          "name": "Cities in Georgia",
          "orig": "ka:Cities in Georgia",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ka",
          "name": "Cities in South Ossetia",
          "orig": "ka:Cities in South Ossetia",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ka",
          "name": "National capitals",
          "orig": "ka:National capitals",
          "parents": [
            "Capital cities",
            "Cities",
            "Polities",
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ka",
          "name": "Places in Georgia",
          "orig": "ka:Places in Georgia",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ka",
          "name": "Places in South Ossetia",
          "orig": "ka:Places in South Ossetia",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Tskhinvali (the capital city of South Ossetia, a de-facto independent country internationally recognized as part of the country of Georgia)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ცხინვალი-ka-name-Nay91iYg",
      "links": [
        [
          "Tskhinvali",
          "Tskhinvali#English"
        ],
        [
          "capital city",
          "capital city"
        ],
        [
          "South Ossetia",
          "South Ossetia"
        ],
        [
          "Georgia",
          "Georgia"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Drift (linguistics)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡sʰχinʷali]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ცხინვალი"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "Ցխինվալ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: Ցխինվալ (Cʻxinval)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: Ցխինվալ (Cʻxinval)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Tskhinvali",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Tskhinvali",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Tskhinvali"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "os",
            "2": "Цхинвал",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ossetian: Цхинвал (Cxinval)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ossetian: Цхинвал (Cxinval)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "Цхинвал",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: Цхинвал (Cxinval)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: Цхинвал (Cxinval)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "ka-mid",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Georgian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "oge",
        "3": "ქრცხილვანი"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Georgian ქრცხილვანი (krcxilvani)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "ccs-pro",
        "3": "*krcxeml-",
        "t": "hornbeam"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *krcxeml- (“hornbeam”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Carpinus",
        "2": "genus"
      },
      "expansion": "Carpinus",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the 14th century.\nFrom Middle Georgian, from Old Georgian ქრცხილვანი (krcxilvani), from ქრცხილი (krcxili, “hornbeam”) + -ოვანი (-ovani, adjectival suffix), ultimately from Proto-Kartvelian *krcxeml- (“hornbeam”).\nThe earliest form was probably *ქრცხილოვანი (*krcxilovani), *ქრცხილოანი (*krcxiloani). In the 15th century it developed into კრცხილვანი (ḳrcxilvani) (the ქ (k) → კ (ḳ) development is regular in Middle Georgian). Due to metathesis of the consonants and due to natural drift in the language, the first two consonants of the root (*კ (*ḳ) and *რ (*r)) were lost, while *ლ (*l) was replaced with the more convenient *ნ (*n) (and vice versa. The same development is seen in Old Georgian ჟილვანი (žilvani) → ჟინვალი (žinvali)).\nIn all forms of the term the root is *ქრცხილ- (*krcxil-) (or later *კრცხილ- (*ḳrcxil-)), suffixed with -ოვანი (-ovani, “having certain characteristics or qualities”), where ო (o) is lost due to phonetic contraction. Old Georgian ქრცხილა (krcxila) (modern რცხილა (rcxila, “hornbeam”)) was the name of a certain type of an endemic tree (of genus Carpinus) commonly found in this region. Thus, the literal meaning of the toponym can be viewed as \"the land of hornbeams\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cxinvali",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ცხინვალი • (cxinvali)",
      "name": "ka-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ცხინ‧ვა‧ლი"
  ],
  "lang": "Georgian",
  "lang_code": "ka",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Georgian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Georgian lemmas",
        "Georgian proper nouns",
        "Georgian terms derived from Middle Georgian",
        "Georgian terms derived from Old Georgian",
        "Georgian terms derived from Proto-Kartvelian",
        "Georgian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "ka:Cities in Georgia",
        "ka:Cities in South Ossetia",
        "ka:National capitals",
        "ka:Places in Georgia",
        "ka:Places in South Ossetia"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Tskhinvali (the capital city of South Ossetia, a de-facto independent country internationally recognized as part of the country of Georgia)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Tskhinvali",
          "Tskhinvali#English"
        ],
        [
          "capital city",
          "capital city"
        ],
        [
          "South Ossetia",
          "South Ossetia"
        ],
        [
          "Georgia",
          "Georgia"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Drift (linguistics)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡sʰχinʷali]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ცხინვალი"
}