See esparruñar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gl" }, "expansion": "Unknown", "name": "unk" } ], "etymology_text": "Unknown.", "forms": [ { "form": "esparruño", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñei", "tags": [ "first-person", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñado", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gl-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "impersonal", "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "infinitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñares", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "infinitive", "personal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarmos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "infinitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñardes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "infinitive", "personal", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñando", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "esparruñado", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "masculine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñado", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "masculine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñado", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñados", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "masculine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñados", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "masculine", "participle", "past", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñada", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "feminine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñada", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "first-person", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñada", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñadas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "feminine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñadas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "first-person", "participle", "past", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruño", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruña", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "esparruñades", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñan", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaba", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñabas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaba", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñabamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñabades", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaban", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñei", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaches", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñou", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "esparruñastes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaron", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "esparruñara", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaras", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñara", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaramos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarades", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaran", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarei", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarás", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñará", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaremos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaredes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarán", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaría", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarías", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaría", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "error-unrecognized-form", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñariamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñariades", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarían", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "error-unrecognized-form", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñedes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñase", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñases", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñase", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñásemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñásedes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñasen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñares", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "future", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarmos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñardes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "future", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruña", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñade", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperative", "negative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "negative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñedes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperative", "negative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "esparruñar (first-person singular present esparruño, first-person singular preterite esparruñei, past participle esparruñado)", "name": "gl-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "gl-conj" } ], "lang": "Galician", "lang_code": "gl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Galician verbs ending in -ar", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "to dig (as a hen, or a dog)" ], "id": "en-esparruñar-gl-verb-Ixlaua2J", "links": [ [ "dig", "dig" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "escaravellar" }, { "word": "esparriñar" }, { "word": "espurruñar" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[esparuˈɲaɾ]" } ], "word": "esparruñar" }
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gl" }, "expansion": "Unknown", "name": "unk" } ], "etymology_text": "Unknown.", "forms": [ { "form": "esparruño", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñei", "tags": [ "first-person", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñado", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gl-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "impersonal", "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "infinitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñares", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "infinitive", "personal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarmos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "infinitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñardes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "infinitive", "personal", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñando", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "esparruñado", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "masculine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñado", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "masculine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñado", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñados", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "masculine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñados", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "masculine", "participle", "past", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñada", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "feminine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñada", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "first-person", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñada", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñadas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "feminine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñadas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "first-person", "participle", "past", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruño", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruña", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "esparruñades", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñan", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaba", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñabas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaba", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñabamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñabades", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaban", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñei", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaches", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñou", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "esparruñastes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaron", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "esparruñara", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaras", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñara", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaramos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarades", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaran", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarei", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarás", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñará", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaremos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaredes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarán", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaría", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarías", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaría", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "error-unrecognized-form", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñariamos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñariades", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarían", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "error-unrecognized-form", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñedes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñase", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñases", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñase", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñásemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñásedes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñasen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñares", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñar", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "future", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñarmos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñardes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruñaren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "future", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "esparruña", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "esparruñemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "esparruñade", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "esparruñen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperative", "negative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñemos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "negative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñedes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "non esparruñen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form", "imperative", "negative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "esparruñar (first-person singular present esparruño, first-person singular preterite esparruñei, past participle esparruñado)", "name": "gl-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "gl-conj" } ], "lang": "Galician", "lang_code": "gl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Galician entries with incorrect language header", "Galician lemmas", "Galician terms with unknown etymologies", "Galician verbs", "Galician verbs ending in -ar", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries" ], "glosses": [ "to dig (as a hen, or a dog)" ], "links": [ [ "dig", "dig" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "escaravellar" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[esparuˈɲaɾ]" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "esparriñar" }, { "word": "espurruñar" } ], "word": "esparruñar" }
Download raw JSONL data for esparruñar meaning in Galician (10.7kB)
{ "called_from": "inflection/735", "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)'", "path": [ "esparruñar" ], "section": "Galician", "subsection": "verb", "title": "esparruñar", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/735", "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)'", "path": [ "esparruñar" ], "section": "Galician", "subsection": "verb", "title": "esparruñar", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Galician dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.