"rang" meaning in French

See rang in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ʁɑ̃/ [France], /ʁã/ [Quebec] Audio: Fr-rang.ogg Forms: rangs [plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French ranc, from Old French renc, reng, ranc, rang, from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”). Cognate with Dutch ring, German Ring, English ring. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|ranc|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French ranc, {{inh+|fr|frm|ranc}} Inherited from Middle French ranc, {{inh|fr|fro|renc}} Old French renc, {{m|fro|reng}} reng, {{m|fro|ranc}} ranc, {{m|fro|rang}} rang, {{der|fr|frk|*hring}} Frankish *hring, {{der|fr|gem-pro|*hringaz|t=ring, circle}} Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”), {{cog|nl|ring}} Dutch ring, {{cog|de|Ring}} German Ring, {{cog|en|ring}} English ring Head templates: {{fr-noun|m}} rang m (plural rangs)
  1. row or line of things placed side-by-side Tags: masculine Synonyms: rangée (alt: objects only)
    Sense id: en-rang-fr-noun-BI4k0dNT Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 22 3 9 20 25 20
  2. rank or position in a series or hierarchy Tags: masculine Synonyms: caste, classe, place, position
    Sense id: en-rang-fr-noun-z0-OM6NR
  3. (knitting) a knitting course Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Knitting
    Sense id: en-rang-fr-noun-TI-AIE~j Topics: business, knitting, manufacturing, textiles
  4. (Canada, geography) a series of land plots narrower than deep, running perpendicular to a river or road Tags: Canada, masculine Categories (topical): Geography
    Sense id: en-rang-fr-noun-zzTCawyi Categories (other): Canadian French, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 22 3 9 20 25 20 Topics: geography, natural-sciences
  5. (Canada, geography) the road serving such a series of plots Tags: Canada, masculine Categories (topical): Geography
    Sense id: en-rang-fr-noun-hgIVu1an Categories (other): Canadian French, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 22 3 9 20 25 20 Topics: geography, natural-sciences
  6. (military, uncountable) the non-officers of an army, taken as a group Tags: masculine, uncountable Categories (topical): Military
    Sense id: en-rang-fr-noun-VsW7xQ~u Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 22 3 9 20 25 20 Topics: government, military, politics, war
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: au rang de, de rang, en rang, en rang d’oignon, rangs, rentrer dans le rang, rompre les rangs, serrer les rangs Related terms: file, ranger

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for rang meaning in French (7.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "au rang de"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "de rang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "en rang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "en rang d’oignon"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rangs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rentrer dans le rang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rompre les rangs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "serrer les rangs"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "rang",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: rang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: rang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Rang",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Rang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Rang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "rang",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: rang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: rang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "rango",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: rango",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: rango"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "rangh",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: rangh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: rangh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ht",
            "2": "ran",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Haitian Creole: ran",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Haitian Creole: ran"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ранг",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: ранг (rang)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: ранг (rang)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "rango",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: rango",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: rango"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "ranc",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French ranc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "ranc"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ranc",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "renc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French renc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "reng"
      },
      "expansion": "reng",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ranc"
      },
      "expansion": "ranc",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "rang"
      },
      "expansion": "rang",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*hring"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *hring",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hringaz",
        "t": "ring, circle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ring"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch ring",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Ring"
      },
      "expansion": "German Ring",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ring"
      },
      "expansion": "English ring",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ranc, from Old French renc, reng, ranc, rang, from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”). Cognate with Dutch ring, German Ring, English ring.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rangs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "rang m (plural rangs)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "file"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ranger"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 3 9 20 25 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "row or line of things placed side-by-side"
      ],
      "id": "en-rang-fr-noun-BI4k0dNT",
      "links": [
        [
          "row",
          "row"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ],
        [
          "side-by-side",
          "side-by-side"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "alt": "objects only",
          "word": "rangée"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rank or position in a series or hierarchy"
      ],
      "id": "en-rang-fr-noun-z0-OM6NR",
      "links": [
        [
          "rank",
          "rank"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ],
        [
          "hierarchy",
          "hierarchy"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "caste"
        },
        {
          "word": "classe"
        },
        {
          "word": "place"
        },
        {
          "word": "position"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Knitting",
          "orig": "fr:Knitting",
          "parents": [
            "Crafts",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a knitting course"
      ],
      "id": "en-rang-fr-noun-TI-AIE~j",
      "links": [
        [
          "knitting",
          "knitting#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "knitting",
          "knitting"
        ],
        [
          "course",
          "course"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(knitting) a knitting course"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "knitting",
        "manufacturing",
        "textiles"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Canadian French",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Geography",
          "orig": "fr:Geography",
          "parents": [
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 3 9 20 25 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a series of land plots narrower than deep, running perpendicular to a river or road"
      ],
      "id": "en-rang-fr-noun-zzTCawyi",
      "links": [
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "series",
          "series"
        ],
        [
          "plot",
          "plot"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Canada, geography) a series of land plots narrower than deep, running perpendicular to a river or road"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Canadian French",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Geography",
          "orig": "fr:Geography",
          "parents": [
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 3 9 20 25 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the road serving such a series of plots"
      ],
      "id": "en-rang-fr-noun-hgIVu1an",
      "links": [
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Canada, geography) the road serving such a series of plots"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Military",
          "orig": "fr:Military",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 3 9 20 25 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the non-officers of an army, taken as a group"
      ],
      "id": "en-rang-fr-noun-VsW7xQ~u",
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "officer",
          "officer"
        ],
        [
          "army",
          "army"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military, uncountable) the non-officers of an army, taken as a group"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʁɑ̃/",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʁã/",
      "tags": [
        "Quebec"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-rang.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/Fr-rang.ogg/Fr-rang.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Fr-rang.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rang"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "French 1-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "au rang de"
    },
    {
      "word": "de rang"
    },
    {
      "word": "en rang"
    },
    {
      "word": "en rang d’oignon"
    },
    {
      "word": "rangs"
    },
    {
      "word": "rentrer dans le rang"
    },
    {
      "word": "rompre les rangs"
    },
    {
      "word": "serrer les rangs"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "rang",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: rang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: rang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Rang",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Rang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Rang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "rang",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: rang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: rang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "rango",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: rango",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: rango"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "rangh",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: rangh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: rangh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ht",
            "2": "ran",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Haitian Creole: ran",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Haitian Creole: ran"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ранг",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: ранг (rang)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: ранг (rang)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "rango",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: rango",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: rango"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "ranc",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French ranc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "ranc"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ranc",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "renc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French renc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "reng"
      },
      "expansion": "reng",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ranc"
      },
      "expansion": "ranc",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "rang"
      },
      "expansion": "rang",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*hring"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *hring",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hringaz",
        "t": "ring, circle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ring"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch ring",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Ring"
      },
      "expansion": "German Ring",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ring"
      },
      "expansion": "English ring",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ranc, from Old French renc, reng, ranc, rang, from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”). Cognate with Dutch ring, German Ring, English ring.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rangs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "rang m (plural rangs)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "file"
    },
    {
      "word": "ranger"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "row or line of things placed side-by-side"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "row",
          "row"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ],
        [
          "side-by-side",
          "side-by-side"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "alt": "objects only",
          "word": "rangée"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rank or position in a series or hierarchy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rank",
          "rank"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ],
        [
          "hierarchy",
          "hierarchy"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "caste"
        },
        {
          "word": "classe"
        },
        {
          "word": "place"
        },
        {
          "word": "position"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "fr:Knitting"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a knitting course"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "knitting",
          "knitting#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "knitting",
          "knitting"
        ],
        [
          "course",
          "course"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(knitting) a knitting course"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "knitting",
        "manufacturing",
        "textiles"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Canadian French",
        "fr:Geography"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a series of land plots narrower than deep, running perpendicular to a river or road"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "series",
          "series"
        ],
        [
          "plot",
          "plot"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Canada, geography) a series of land plots narrower than deep, running perpendicular to a river or road"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Canadian French",
        "fr:Geography"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the road serving such a series of plots"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Canada, geography) the road serving such a series of plots"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French uncountable nouns",
        "fr:Military"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the non-officers of an army, taken as a group"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "officer",
          "officer"
        ],
        [
          "army",
          "army"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military, uncountable) the non-officers of an army, taken as a group"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʁɑ̃/",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʁã/",
      "tags": [
        "Quebec"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-rang.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/Fr-rang.ogg/Fr-rang.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Fr-rang.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rang"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.