See espion in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "espioi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: espioi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: espioi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spion",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Spion",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or directly from Italian"
},
"expansion": "(or directly from Italian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Spion (or directly from Italian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "espion",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norman: espion",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norman: espion"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "espião",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: espião",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: espião"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ispiyon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: ispiyon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: ispiyon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "*espion",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French *espion",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "*espion"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French *espion",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "espion"
},
"expansion": "Old French espion",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "espie",
"4": "",
"5": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Old French espie (“spy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "spione",
"4": "",
"5": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Italian spione (“spy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "",
"3": "espion"
},
"expansion": "French espion",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "spione"
},
"expansion": "Italian spione",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*spehō",
"t": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *spehō (“spy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*spehōn",
"t": "to look, spy"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *spehōn (“to look, spy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*spehōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spehōną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French *espion (attested only in the verb espionner), from Old French espion, spion (“one assigned to observe or spy”).\nAlternatively, derived from Old French espie (“spy”), under influence of Italian spione (“spy”).\nAccording to another theory, French espion is borrowed from Italian spione. The word is ultimately from Frankish *spehō (“spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to look, spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espionne",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "espion m (plural espions, feminine espionne)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Espionage",
"orig": "fr:Espionage",
"parents": [
"Deception",
"Secrecy",
"Security",
"Ethics",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Philosophy",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "fr:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "logiciel espion"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spy (person who secretly watches)"
],
"id": "en-espion-fr-noun-swS7rT1W",
"links": [
[
"espionage",
"espionage"
],
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(espionage) spy (person who secretly watches)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "espionnage"
},
{
"word": "espionner"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"espionage",
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:espion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs.pjɔ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-espion.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Fr-espion.ogg/Fr-espion.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Fr-espion.ogg"
}
],
"word": "espion"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "logiciel espion"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "espioi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: espioi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: espioi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spion",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Spion",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or directly from Italian"
},
"expansion": "(or directly from Italian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Spion (or directly from Italian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "espion",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norman: espion",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norman: espion"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "espião",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: espião",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: espião"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ispiyon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: ispiyon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: ispiyon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "*espion",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French *espion",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "*espion"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French *espion",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "espion"
},
"expansion": "Old French espion",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "espie",
"4": "",
"5": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Old French espie (“spy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "spione",
"4": "",
"5": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Italian spione (“spy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "",
"3": "espion"
},
"expansion": "French espion",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "spione"
},
"expansion": "Italian spione",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*spehō",
"t": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *spehō (“spy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*spehōn",
"t": "to look, spy"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *spehōn (“to look, spy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*spehōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spehōną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French *espion (attested only in the verb espionner), from Old French espion, spion (“one assigned to observe or spy”).\nAlternatively, derived from Old French espie (“spy”), under influence of Italian spione (“spy”).\nAccording to another theory, French espion is borrowed from Italian spione. The word is ultimately from Frankish *spehō (“spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to look, spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espionne",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "espion m (plural espions, feminine espionne)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "espionnage"
},
{
"word": "espionner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Italian",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Espionage",
"fr:Occupations"
],
"glosses": [
"spy (person who secretly watches)"
],
"links": [
[
"espionage",
"espionage"
],
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(espionage) spy (person who secretly watches)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"espionage",
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:espion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs.pjɔ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-espion.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Fr-espion.ogg/Fr-espion.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Fr-espion.ogg"
}
],
"word": "espion"
}
Download raw JSONL data for espion meaning in French (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.