See Toskala in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi" }, "expansion": "Unknown", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "", "3": "la", "id2": "toponym" }, "expansion": "+ -la", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "se", "2": "Doskaljávri" }, "expansion": "Northern Sami Doskaljávri", "name": "m+" } ], "etymology_text": "Unknown root + -la; a farm name, seemingly originally from Lohtaja. Possibly related to the name of Lake Toskaljärvi (Northern Sami Doskaljávri) in Enontekiö, which is itself also of obscure origin.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "no gradation", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "12/kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "Toskala", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalat", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskala", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalat", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalat", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiden", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitten", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalain", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloita", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloista", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalla", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloilla", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloilta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalle", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloille", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalana", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloina", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalatta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "See the possessive forms below.", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "no gradation", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "12/kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloideni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitteni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalleni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloilleni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalakseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloikseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloineni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloidesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaisi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihisi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloidemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaimme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihimme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloidenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalainne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihinne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalananne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloidensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalainsa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihinsa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalleen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloilleen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalakseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloikseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloineen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "proper noun", "3": "", "g": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "Toskala", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "Toskala", "name": "fi-proper noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Toskal", "2": "a" }, "name": "fi-decl-kulkija" } ], "lang": "Finnish", "lang_code": "fi", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Finnish kulkija-type nominals", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Finnish surnames", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Finnish terms suffixed with -la (toponym)", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "a Finnish surname" ], "id": "en-Toskala-fi-name-hajgpkas", "links": [ [ "surname", "surname" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈtoskɑlɑ/" }, { "ipa": "[ˈt̪o̞s̠kɑ̝lɑ̝]" }, { "rhymes": "-oskɑlɑ" } ], "word": "Toskala" }
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi" }, "expansion": "Unknown", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "", "3": "la", "id2": "toponym" }, "expansion": "+ -la", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "se", "2": "Doskaljávri" }, "expansion": "Northern Sami Doskaljávri", "name": "m+" } ], "etymology_text": "Unknown root + -la; a farm name, seemingly originally from Lohtaja. Possibly related to the name of Lake Toskaljärvi (Northern Sami Doskaljávri) in Enontekiö, which is itself also of obscure origin.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "no gradation", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "12/kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "Toskala", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalat", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskala", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalat", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalat", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiden", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitten", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalain", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloita", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloista", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalla", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloilla", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloilta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalle", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloille", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalana", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloina", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalatta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "See the possessive forms below.", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "no gradation", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "12/kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloideni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitteni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalleni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloilleni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalakseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloikseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloineni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloidesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaisi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihisi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloidemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaimme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihimme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloidenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalainne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihinne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalananne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-kulkija", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloidensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalainsa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "rare" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloitansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalassansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloissansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalastansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloistansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloihinsa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaltansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiltansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalalleen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalallensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloilleen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloillensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalanansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskalakseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalaksensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloikseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloiksensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskalattansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloittansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloineen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "Toskaloinensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "proper noun", "3": "", "g": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "Toskala", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "Toskala", "name": "fi-proper noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Toskal", "2": "a" }, "name": "fi-decl-kulkija" } ], "lang": "Finnish", "lang_code": "fi", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Finnish 3-syllable words", "Finnish entries with incorrect language header", "Finnish kulkija-type nominals", "Finnish lemmas", "Finnish proper nouns", "Finnish surnames", "Finnish terms suffixed with -la (toponym)", "Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation", "Finnish terms with unknown etymologies", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Finnish/oskɑlɑ", "Rhymes:Finnish/oskɑlɑ/3 syllables" ], "glosses": [ "a Finnish surname" ], "links": [ [ "surname", "surname" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈtoskɑlɑ/" }, { "ipa": "[ˈt̪o̞s̠kɑ̝lɑ̝]" }, { "rhymes": "-oskɑlɑ" } ], "word": "Toskala" }
Download raw JSONL data for Toskala meaning in Finnish (21.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Finnish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.