See -kalainen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "-ka", "3": "-lainen", "id2": "demonym" }, "expansion": "-ka + -lainen", "name": "suffix" } ], "etymology_text": "-ka + -lainen", "forms": [ { "form": "-käläinen", "tags": [ "front-vowel" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "no gradation", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "38/nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "-kalainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiset", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiset", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiset", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisten", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisien", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaista", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisia", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisista", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisella", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisilla", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiselta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisilta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiselle", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisille", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisena", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisina", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisetta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisitta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisine", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "no gradation", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "38/nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisteni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisieni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseeni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiselleni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisilleni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisekseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisikseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisineni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiisi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiimme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisienne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisianne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiinne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiinsa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiselleen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisilleen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisekseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisikseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisineen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "10": "-{{{stem}}}-", "11": "", "12": "-{{{stem2}}}-", "13": "linguistic notation", "14": "-kAlAinen", "15": "", "16": "{{{comp}}}", "17": "", "18": "{{{sup}}}", "2": "suffixes", "3": "front vowel harmony variant", "4": "-käläinen", "5": "", "6": "-{{{stem}}}-", "7": "", "8": "-{{{stem2}}}-", "9": "", "cat2": "", "f2nolink": "1", "f3nolink": "1", "f4nolink": "1", "f5nolink": "1", "f6nolink": "1", "f7nolink": "1", "f8nolink": "1", "head": "" }, "expansion": "-kalainen (front vowel harmony variant -käläinen, linguistic notation -kAlAinen)", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "adjective", "var": "käläinen" }, "expansion": "-kalainen (front vowel harmony variant -käläinen, linguistic notation -kAlAinen)", "name": "fi-suffix" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-kalai", "2": "a", "pos": "adj" }, "name": "fi-decl-nainen" } ], "lang": "Finnish", "lang_code": "fi", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Finnish nainen-type nominals", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Finnish terms suffixed with -lainen (demonym)", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Forms some adjectives, primarily with a demonymic meaning, from monosyllabic stems." ], "id": "en--kalainen-fi-suffix-e76qwNG9", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-kalainen" }
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "-ka", "3": "-lainen", "id2": "demonym" }, "expansion": "-ka + -lainen", "name": "suffix" } ], "etymology_text": "-ka + -lainen", "forms": [ { "form": "-käläinen", "tags": [ "front-vowel" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "no gradation", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "38/nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "-kalainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiset", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiset", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiset", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisten", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisien", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaista", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisia", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisista", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisella", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisilla", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiselta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisilta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiselle", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisille", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisena", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisina", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisetta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisitta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisine", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "no gradation", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "38/nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisteni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisieni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseeni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiselleni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisilleni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisekseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisikseni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittani", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisineni", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiisi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittasi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinesi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiimme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittamme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinemme", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisienne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisianne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiinne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittanne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinenne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fi-decl-nainen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaistansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisessansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisissansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisestansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisistansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiinsa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseltansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiltansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiselleen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisellensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisilleen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisillensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisenansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisekseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaiseksensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisikseen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisiksensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisettansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittaan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisittansa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisineen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kalaisinensa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "10": "-{{{stem}}}-", "11": "", "12": "-{{{stem2}}}-", "13": "linguistic notation", "14": "-kAlAinen", "15": "", "16": "{{{comp}}}", "17": "", "18": "{{{sup}}}", "2": "suffixes", "3": "front vowel harmony variant", "4": "-käläinen", "5": "", "6": "-{{{stem}}}-", "7": "", "8": "-{{{stem2}}}-", "9": "", "cat2": "", "f2nolink": "1", "f3nolink": "1", "f4nolink": "1", "f5nolink": "1", "f6nolink": "1", "f7nolink": "1", "f8nolink": "1", "head": "" }, "expansion": "-kalainen (front vowel harmony variant -käläinen, linguistic notation -kAlAinen)", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "adjective", "var": "käläinen" }, "expansion": "-kalainen (front vowel harmony variant -käläinen, linguistic notation -kAlAinen)", "name": "fi-suffix" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-kalai", "2": "a", "pos": "adj" }, "name": "fi-decl-nainen" } ], "lang": "Finnish", "lang_code": "fi", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Finnish adjective-forming suffixes", "Finnish entries with incorrect language header", "Finnish lemmas", "Finnish nainen-type nominals", "Finnish suffixes", "Finnish terms suffixed with -lainen (demonym)", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries" ], "glosses": [ "Forms some adjectives, primarily with a demonymic meaning, from monosyllabic stems." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-kalainen" }
Download raw JSONL data for -kalainen meaning in Finnish (20.9kB)
{ "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698", "msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -kAlAinen", "path": [ "-kalainen" ], "section": "Finnish", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "-kalainen", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Finnish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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