See kulm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kulma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kulma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*kuľma",
"4": "",
"5": "corner of the eye"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *kuľma (“corner of the eye”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kulma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kulma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kulm"
},
"expansion": "Veps kulm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kca-nor",
"2": "ҳулӛм",
"3": "",
"4": "eyebrow"
},
"expansion": "Northern Khanty ҳулӛм (ḥuljəm, “eyebrow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kulma, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kuľma (“corner of the eye”). Cognate to Finnish kulma, Veps kulm, and Northern Khanty ҳулӛм (ḥuljəm, “eyebrow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulmu",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-riik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22e/riik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kulm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmusid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmusse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmult",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "kulmu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "kulmu",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kulm (genitive kulmu, partitive kulmu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kulmu",
"2": "kulmu"
},
"expansion": "kulm (genitive kulmu, partitive kulmu)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kulm"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kul",
"2": "m",
"3": "m",
"4": "u"
},
"name": "et-decl-riik"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian riik-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyebrow"
],
"id": "en-kulm-et-noun-D-d6WQ89",
"links": [
[
"eyebrow",
"eyebrow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkulm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkulm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulm"
}
],
"word": "kulm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kulma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kulma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*kuľma",
"4": "",
"5": "corner of the eye"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *kuľma (“corner of the eye”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kulma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kulma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kulm"
},
"expansion": "Veps kulm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kca-nor",
"2": "ҳулӛм",
"3": "",
"4": "eyebrow"
},
"expansion": "Northern Khanty ҳулӛм (ḥuljəm, “eyebrow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kulma, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kuľma (“corner of the eye”). Cognate to Finnish kulma, Veps kulm, and Northern Khanty ҳулӛм (ḥuljəm, “eyebrow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulmu",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-riik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22e/riik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kulm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmusid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmusse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmult",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmuga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulmudega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "kulmu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "kulmu",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kulm (genitive kulmu, partitive kulmu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kulmu",
"2": "kulmu"
},
"expansion": "kulm (genitive kulmu, partitive kulmu)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kulm"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kul",
"2": "m",
"3": "m",
"4": "u"
},
"name": "et-decl-riik"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian nouns",
"Estonian riik-type nominals",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Estonian/ulm",
"Rhymes:Estonian/ulm/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"eyebrow"
],
"links": [
[
"eyebrow",
"eyebrow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkulm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkulm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulm"
}
],
"word": "kulm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kulm meaning in Estonian (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Estonian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.