See xian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn-pinyin",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "縣"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 縣／县",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 縣／县.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "xian (plural xians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taiwanese English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 73 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 59 14 3 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 54 13 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 65 10 4 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 24 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Gui Xian"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1987, Jessica Rawson, “The Eastern Zhou Period”, in Chinese Bronzes: Art and Ritual, British Museum Publications, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 47:",
"text": "Tight and dense motifs occur on bronzes excavated in 1923 from a tomb at Lijialou at Xinzheng Xian in southern Henan attributed to the small state of Zheng.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Barrett L. McCormick, “Elections to Local People's Congresses”, in Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 138:",
"text": "At the time of the elections (1980) Nanjing was subdivided into three suburban counties (xian) and nine urban districts (qu).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Alan J. K. Sanders, Historical Dictionary of Mongolia, 4th edition, volume I, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 700, page 274:",
"text": "The Henan Mongol autonomous county (xian) is inhabited by Tsoros Mongols, and there are Ööld Mongols in the Huzhu autonomous county.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An administrative subdivision of imperial, republican, and communist China roughly equivalent to counties, now distinguished from the more urban \"districts\" (qu). (Alternative form of hsien for Taiwan (ROC).)"
],
"id": "en-xian-en-noun-93sbZAMI",
"links": [
[
"administrative",
"administrative"
],
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"republican",
"republican"
],
[
"communist",
"communist"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"roughly",
"roughly"
],
[
"equivalent",
"equivalent"
],
[
"counties",
"county"
],
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"distinguish",
"distinguish"
],
[
"more",
"more"
],
[
"urban",
"urban"
],
[
"district",
"district"
],
[
"qu",
"qu"
],
[
"hsien",
"hsien#English"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan"
],
[
"ROC",
"ROC"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(China, Taiwan) An administrative subdivision of imperial, republican, and communist China roughly equivalent to counties, now distinguished from the more urban \"districts\" (qu). (Alternative form of hsien for Taiwan (ROC).)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "county"
},
{
"word": "hsien"
}
],
"tags": [
"China",
"Taiwan"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"County (China)"
],
"word": "xian"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "An alternative capitalization of Xian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "xian (plural xians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Christian",
"word": "Xian"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 24 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of Xian: Christian."
],
"id": "en-xian-en-noun-6fk9RfR1",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Xian",
"Xian#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes derogatory or offensive) Alternative form of Xian: Christian."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"derogatory",
"offensive",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"word": "xian"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "An alternative capitalization of Xian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "xian (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Christian",
"word": "Xian"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 24 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, Mary Moody Emerson, edited by Nancy Craig Simmons, The Selected Letters of Mary Moody Emerson, Athens: University of Georgia Press, page 242:",
"text": "But what an epoch in the xian world—what a time for a xian Orator to make a deep & eternal impression on socity^([sic]).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of Xian: Christian."
],
"id": "en-xian-en-adj-6fk9RfR1",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Xian",
"Xian#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes derogatory or offensive) Alternative form of Xian: Christian."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"derogatory",
"not-comparable",
"offensive",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"word": "xian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Hanyu Pinyin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Hanyu Pinyin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Christianity"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Gui Xian"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn-pinyin",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "縣"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 縣／县",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 縣／县.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "xian (plural xians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Taiwanese English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1987, Jessica Rawson, “The Eastern Zhou Period”, in Chinese Bronzes: Art and Ritual, British Museum Publications, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 47:",
"text": "Tight and dense motifs occur on bronzes excavated in 1923 from a tomb at Lijialou at Xinzheng Xian in southern Henan attributed to the small state of Zheng.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Barrett L. McCormick, “Elections to Local People's Congresses”, in Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 138:",
"text": "At the time of the elections (1980) Nanjing was subdivided into three suburban counties (xian) and nine urban districts (qu).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Alan J. K. Sanders, Historical Dictionary of Mongolia, 4th edition, volume I, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 700, page 274:",
"text": "The Henan Mongol autonomous county (xian) is inhabited by Tsoros Mongols, and there are Ööld Mongols in the Huzhu autonomous county.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An administrative subdivision of imperial, republican, and communist China roughly equivalent to counties, now distinguished from the more urban \"districts\" (qu). (Alternative form of hsien for Taiwan (ROC).)"
],
"links": [
[
"administrative",
"administrative"
],
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"republican",
"republican"
],
[
"communist",
"communist"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"roughly",
"roughly"
],
[
"equivalent",
"equivalent"
],
[
"counties",
"county"
],
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"distinguish",
"distinguish"
],
[
"more",
"more"
],
[
"urban",
"urban"
],
[
"district",
"district"
],
[
"qu",
"qu"
],
[
"hsien",
"hsien#English"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan"
],
[
"ROC",
"ROC"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(China, Taiwan) An administrative subdivision of imperial, republican, and communist China roughly equivalent to counties, now distinguished from the more urban \"districts\" (qu). (Alternative form of hsien for Taiwan (ROC).)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "county"
}
],
"tags": [
"China",
"Taiwan"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hsien"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"County (China)"
],
"word": "xian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Hanyu Pinyin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Christianity"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "An alternative capitalization of Xian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "xian (plural xians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Christian",
"word": "Xian"
}
],
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English offensive terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of Xian: Christian."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Xian",
"Xian#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes derogatory or offensive) Alternative form of Xian: Christian."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"derogatory",
"offensive",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"word": "xian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Hanyu Pinyin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Christianity"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "An alternative capitalization of Xian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "xian (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Christian",
"word": "Xian"
}
],
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English offensive terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, Mary Moody Emerson, edited by Nancy Craig Simmons, The Selected Letters of Mary Moody Emerson, Athens: University of Georgia Press, page 242:",
"text": "But what an epoch in the xian world—what a time for a xian Orator to make a deep & eternal impression on socity^([sic]).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of Xian: Christian."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Xian",
"Xian#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes derogatory or offensive) Alternative form of Xian: Christian."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"derogatory",
"not-comparable",
"offensive",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"word": "xian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for xian meaning in English (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.