"witdoeke" meaning in English

See witdoeke in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Afrikaans wit (“white”) + doek (“cloth”), referring to the strips of white cloth members wore on their heads or arms. Etymology templates: {{uder|en|af|wit||white}} Afrikaans wit (“white”) Head templates: {{en-noun|p}} witdoeke pl (plural only)
  1. (historical) Members of conservative black vigilante groups in the South African provinces of the Cape and Orange Free State in the 1980s. Tags: historical, plural, plural-only

Download JSONL data for witdoeke meaning in English (2.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "af",
        "3": "wit",
        "4": "",
        "5": "white"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans wit (“white”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Afrikaans wit (“white”) + doek (“cloth”), referring to the strips of white cloth members wore on their heads or arms.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "p"
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      "expansion": "witdoeke pl (plural only)",
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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          "kind": "other",
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          "name": "English undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1990, J. M. Coetzee, Age of Iron, London: Secker & Warburg, Part III, p. 83",
          "text": "‘They were shooting again yesterday. They were giving guns to the witdoeke and the witdoeke were shooting.’",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1998, Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report, Volume 3, Chapter 5, Subsection 29,\nAfter the witdoeke attacks of May and June 1986, thousands of refugees were forced to live in schools and churches. Refugees were arrested from these centres and tortured to make them confess to a range of public violence crimes. […] It is notable that few if any witdoeke were arrested or charged."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Members of conservative black vigilante groups in the South African provinces of the Cape and Orange Free State in the 1980s."
      ],
      "id": "en-witdoeke-en-noun-VkY8GvaH",
      "links": [
        [
          "conservative",
          "conservative"
        ],
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ],
        [
          "vigilante",
          "vigilante"
        ],
        [
          "South Africa",
          "South Africa"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Members of conservative black vigilante groups in the South African provinces of the Cape and Orange Free State in the 1980s."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "plural",
        "plural-only"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "witdoeke"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
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      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Afrikaans wit (“white”) + doek (“cloth”), referring to the strips of white cloth members wore on their heads or arms.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "witdoeke pl (plural only)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
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          "ref": "1990, J. M. Coetzee, Age of Iron, London: Secker & Warburg, Part III, p. 83",
          "text": "‘They were shooting again yesterday. They were giving guns to the witdoeke and the witdoeke were shooting.’",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1998, Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report, Volume 3, Chapter 5, Subsection 29,\nAfter the witdoeke attacks of May and June 1986, thousands of refugees were forced to live in schools and churches. Refugees were arrested from these centres and tortured to make them confess to a range of public violence crimes. […] It is notable that few if any witdoeke were arrested or charged."
        }
      ],
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        "Members of conservative black vigilante groups in the South African provinces of the Cape and Orange Free State in the 1980s."
      ],
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Members of conservative black vigilante groups in the South African provinces of the Cape and Orange Free State in the 1980s."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "plural",
        "plural-only"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "witdoeke"
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.