See tokamak in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "токама́к"
},
"expansion": "Russian токама́к (tokamák)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian токама́к (tokamák), an acronym of то(роида́льная) ка́(мера) (с) ма(гни́тными) к(ату́шками) (to(roidálʹnaja) ká(mera) (s) ma(gnítnymi) k(atúškami), “toroidal chamber with magnetic coils”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tokamaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tokamak (plural tokamaks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧ka‧mak"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nuclear fusion",
"orig": "en:Nuclear fusion",
"parents": [
"Nuclear energy",
"Energy",
"Nuclear physics",
"Technology",
"Nature",
"Physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nuclear physics",
"orig": "en:Nuclear physics",
"parents": [
"Physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "stellarator"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spheromak"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963 November, E. P. Gorbunov, K. A. Razumova, “The Effect of a Strong Magnetic Field on the Magnetohydrodynamic Stability of Plasma and the Containment of Charged Particles in the ‘Tokamak’”, in Soviet Atomic Energy, volume 15, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Consultants Bureau, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1105:",
"text": "Studies of electrodeless discharges in a strong longitudinal magnetic field, carried out on the stellarator and the \"Tokamak\", have shown that in such systems the plasma becomes unstable for currents appreciably les than the critical current of Shafranov-Kruskal.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1975, J. W. Lue, R. W. Conn, “Superconducting Toroidal Field Magnets for a Tokamak Engineering Test Reactor”, in K. D. Timmerhaus, D. H. Weitzel, editors, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, volume 21, New York, N.Y., London: Plenum Press, →OCLC, page 41; republished Boston, Mass.: Springer, 2013, →DOI, →ISBN, page 41:",
"text": "A Tokamak engineering test reactor (TETR) will be an important component of any national or international program to achieve viable Tokamak fusion power reactors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1982, “Controlled Nuclear Fusion”, in Energy in Transition 1985–2010: Final Report of the Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, →ISBN, page 390:",
"text": "Of magnetic fusion experiments, those in Tokamaks are closest to achieving the combination of confinement conditions needed for a reactor.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989 September–October, D. Benningfield, “Funds Requested to Speed Up Nuclear Fusion Experiments”, in Ernstine Wheelock, editor, Alcalde, volume 78, number 1, Austin, Tx.: The Ex-Students' Association of the University of Texas, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 43, column 1:",
"text": "Researchers use large doughnut-shaped vessels called tokomaks to try to achieve the critical temperature and density needed for fusion to begin. A tokomak uses powerful magnetic fields to contain hydrogen, which is heated to several million degrees. As the strength of the magnetic field increases, it squeezes the plasma, resulting in a higher temperature and density.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 March 3, Raffi Khatchadourian, “A Star in a Bottle: An Audacious Plan to Create a New Energy Source could Save the Planet from Catastrophe. But Time is Running Out.”, in The New Yorker, archived from the original on 2018-12-05:",
"text": "Slowly, the solenoid—all one thousand tons of it—will be carried to the tokamak and lowered into the center of the vacuum chamber.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A torus-shaped chamber used in nuclear fusion research in which a plasma is magnetically confined."
],
"id": "en-tokamak-en-noun-b2gmvFlr",
"links": [
[
"nuclear physics",
"nuclear physics"
],
[
"torus",
"torus"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"chamber",
"chamber"
],
[
"nuclear fusion",
"nuclear fusion"
],
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"plasma",
"plasma"
],
[
"magnetically",
"magnetically"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
]
],
"qualifier": "nuclear physics",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nuclear physics) A torus-shaped chamber used in nuclear fusion research in which a plasma is magnetically confined."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tokomak"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "托卡馬克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tuōkǎmǎkè",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "托卡马克"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokamak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tokamak"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tokamaku",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "トカマク"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tokamak",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "토카막"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokamak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokamak"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tokamák",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "токама́к"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokàmak"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тока̀мак"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tokamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "tokamak"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Saint-Paul-lès-Durance"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtəʊkəmæk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoʊkəmæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "tokamak"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "stellarator"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spheromak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "токама́к"
},
"expansion": "Russian токама́к (tokamák)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian токама́к (tokamák), an acronym of то(роида́льная) ка́(мера) (с) ма(гни́тными) к(ату́шками) (to(roidálʹnaja) ká(mera) (s) ma(gnítnymi) k(atúškami), “toroidal chamber with magnetic coils”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tokamaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tokamak (plural tokamaks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧ka‧mak"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Nuclear fusion",
"en:Nuclear physics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963 November, E. P. Gorbunov, K. A. Razumova, “The Effect of a Strong Magnetic Field on the Magnetohydrodynamic Stability of Plasma and the Containment of Charged Particles in the ‘Tokamak’”, in Soviet Atomic Energy, volume 15, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Consultants Bureau, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1105:",
"text": "Studies of electrodeless discharges in a strong longitudinal magnetic field, carried out on the stellarator and the \"Tokamak\", have shown that in such systems the plasma becomes unstable for currents appreciably les than the critical current of Shafranov-Kruskal.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1975, J. W. Lue, R. W. Conn, “Superconducting Toroidal Field Magnets for a Tokamak Engineering Test Reactor”, in K. D. Timmerhaus, D. H. Weitzel, editors, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, volume 21, New York, N.Y., London: Plenum Press, →OCLC, page 41; republished Boston, Mass.: Springer, 2013, →DOI, →ISBN, page 41:",
"text": "A Tokamak engineering test reactor (TETR) will be an important component of any national or international program to achieve viable Tokamak fusion power reactors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1982, “Controlled Nuclear Fusion”, in Energy in Transition 1985–2010: Final Report of the Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, →ISBN, page 390:",
"text": "Of magnetic fusion experiments, those in Tokamaks are closest to achieving the combination of confinement conditions needed for a reactor.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989 September–October, D. Benningfield, “Funds Requested to Speed Up Nuclear Fusion Experiments”, in Ernstine Wheelock, editor, Alcalde, volume 78, number 1, Austin, Tx.: The Ex-Students' Association of the University of Texas, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 43, column 1:",
"text": "Researchers use large doughnut-shaped vessels called tokomaks to try to achieve the critical temperature and density needed for fusion to begin. A tokomak uses powerful magnetic fields to contain hydrogen, which is heated to several million degrees. As the strength of the magnetic field increases, it squeezes the plasma, resulting in a higher temperature and density.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 March 3, Raffi Khatchadourian, “A Star in a Bottle: An Audacious Plan to Create a New Energy Source could Save the Planet from Catastrophe. But Time is Running Out.”, in The New Yorker, archived from the original on 2018-12-05:",
"text": "Slowly, the solenoid—all one thousand tons of it—will be carried to the tokamak and lowered into the center of the vacuum chamber.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A torus-shaped chamber used in nuclear fusion research in which a plasma is magnetically confined."
],
"links": [
[
"nuclear physics",
"nuclear physics"
],
[
"torus",
"torus"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"chamber",
"chamber"
],
[
"nuclear fusion",
"nuclear fusion"
],
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"plasma",
"plasma"
],
[
"magnetically",
"magnetically"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
]
],
"qualifier": "nuclear physics",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nuclear physics) A torus-shaped chamber used in nuclear fusion research in which a plasma is magnetically confined."
],
"wikipedia": [
"Saint-Paul-lès-Durance"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtəʊkəmæk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tokamak.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoʊkəmæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tokomak"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "托卡馬克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tuōkǎmǎkè",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "托卡马克"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokamak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tokamak"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tokamaku",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "トカマク"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tokamak",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "토카막"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokamak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokamak"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tokamák",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "токама́к"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokàmak"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тока̀мак"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tokamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined",
"word": "tokamak"
}
],
"word": "tokamak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tokamak meaning in English (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.