See thornback in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thornbak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thornbak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "back"
},
"expansion": "thorn + back",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thornbak; equivalent to thorn + back.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornbacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thornback (plural thornbacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 32 21 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any animal with a thorny back, especially marine animals, such as:",
"The thornback guitarfish (Platyrhinoidis triseriata), a species of ray in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean."
],
"id": "en-thornback-en-noun-vfhfj1Sm",
"links": [
[
"ray",
"ray"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 32 21 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any animal with a thorny back, especially marine animals, such as:",
"The thornback ray or thornback skate (Raja clavata), a species of ray in the Atlantic Ocean."
],
"id": "en-thornback-en-noun-KUdu7vCt",
"links": [
[
"ray",
"ray"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 32 21 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 25 42 9",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rays and skates",
"orig": "en:Rays and skates",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any animal with a thorny back, especially marine animals, such as:",
"The thornback skate (Dentiraja lemprieri), a fish endemic to Australia."
],
"id": "en-thornback-en-noun-ZhviJ8Jy",
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"endemic",
"endemic"
],
[
"Australia",
"Australia"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 32 21 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1710, Isaac Bickerstaff (pseudonym), A Good husband for five shillings, or Esquire Bickerstaff's Lottery, quoted in 2016, Amy M. Froide, Silent Partners: Women As Public Investors During Britain's Financial Revolution, 1690-1750, Oxford University Press, page 46",
"text": "[A] society of honest gentlemen [is holding a lottery] for the benefit of all single ladies, widows, maids, or thornbacks […]"
},
{
"ref": "1920, Anna Mary Galbraith, The Family and the New Democracy: A Study in Social Hygiene, page 184:",
"text": "Spinsters. — In a society where marriages were formed very early, girls often wedding at sixteen or under, […] At the age of thirty a spinster was called a \"thornback ,” but bachelors and thornbacks were not the only people who […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Suzy Witten, The Afflicted Girls, →ISBN, page 131:",
"text": "\"And I'll be a thornback spinster! Oh, I'd rather die of the pox than that!\" She bolted away to spill her bitter tears out of doors in a place where no one could observe her. Her bold adventure had suddenly turned against her.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman over a certain age (variously 26 or 30) who has never married, older than a spinster."
],
"id": "en-thornback-en-noun-h073xi-V",
"links": [
[
"married",
"marry"
],
[
"spinster",
"spinster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A woman over a certain age (variously 26 or 30) who has never married, older than a spinster."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "thornback"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Rays and skates"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thornbak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thornbak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "back"
},
"expansion": "thorn + back",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thornbak; equivalent to thorn + back.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornbacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thornback (plural thornbacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"Any animal with a thorny back, especially marine animals, such as:",
"The thornback guitarfish (Platyrhinoidis triseriata), a species of ray in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean."
],
"links": [
[
"ray",
"ray"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"Any animal with a thorny back, especially marine animals, such as:",
"The thornback ray or thornback skate (Raja clavata), a species of ray in the Atlantic Ocean."
],
"links": [
[
"ray",
"ray"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"Any animal with a thorny back, especially marine animals, such as:",
"The thornback skate (Dentiraja lemprieri), a fish endemic to Australia."
],
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"endemic",
"endemic"
],
[
"Australia",
"Australia"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1710, Isaac Bickerstaff (pseudonym), A Good husband for five shillings, or Esquire Bickerstaff's Lottery, quoted in 2016, Amy M. Froide, Silent Partners: Women As Public Investors During Britain's Financial Revolution, 1690-1750, Oxford University Press, page 46",
"text": "[A] society of honest gentlemen [is holding a lottery] for the benefit of all single ladies, widows, maids, or thornbacks […]"
},
{
"ref": "1920, Anna Mary Galbraith, The Family and the New Democracy: A Study in Social Hygiene, page 184:",
"text": "Spinsters. — In a society where marriages were formed very early, girls often wedding at sixteen or under, […] At the age of thirty a spinster was called a \"thornback ,” but bachelors and thornbacks were not the only people who […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Suzy Witten, The Afflicted Girls, →ISBN, page 131:",
"text": "\"And I'll be a thornback spinster! Oh, I'd rather die of the pox than that!\" She bolted away to spill her bitter tears out of doors in a place where no one could observe her. Her bold adventure had suddenly turned against her.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman over a certain age (variously 26 or 30) who has never married, older than a spinster."
],
"links": [
[
"married",
"marry"
],
[
"spinster",
"spinster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A woman over a certain age (variously 26 or 30) who has never married, older than a spinster."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "thornback"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thornback meaning in English (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.