See surprisal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for surprisal meaning in English (3.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surprise",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "surprise + -al",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "information measure"
},
"expansion": "(information measure):",
"name": "sense"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From surprise + -al.\n(information measure): Defined by Myron Tribus in the 1961 book Thermostatics and Thermodynamics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surprisals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "surprisal (countable and uncountable, plural surprisals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 146",
"text": "Their chiefe attempts are by Stratagems, trecheries, or surprisals.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surprise attack or ambush; a sudden or unexpected assault."
],
"id": "en-surprisal-en-noun-oz2rdvdb",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"ambush",
"ambush"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, military) A surprise attack or ambush; a sudden or unexpected assault."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A sudden coming-upon someone or something unexpectedly or unawares."
],
"id": "en-surprisal-en-noun-PKzFLIgG",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A sudden coming-upon someone or something unexpectedly or unawares."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A surprising event or occurrence."
],
"id": "en-surprisal-en-noun-BL7l3owN",
"links": [
[
"surprising",
"surprising"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A surprising event or occurrence."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The feeling caused by being surprised; surprise, shock, amazement."
],
"id": "en-surprisal-en-noun-z4a6iok3",
"links": [
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
],
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"amazement",
"amazement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The feeling caused by being surprised; surprise, shock, amazement."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 18 3 23 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "11 20 10 22 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An information measure as equal in bits (binary digits) to the base-2 log of 1 over the probability, with the result that the number of choices equals 2ⁿ where n is the number of bits."
],
"id": "en-surprisal-en-noun-S7b9JfMk",
"links": [
[
"bit",
"bit"
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],
"tags": [
"countable",
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sə(ɹ)ˈpɹaɪzəl/"
}
],
"word": "surprisal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surprise",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "surprise + -al",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "information measure"
},
"expansion": "(information measure):",
"name": "sense"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From surprise + -al.\n(information measure): Defined by Myron Tribus in the 1961 book Thermostatics and Thermodynamics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surprisals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "surprisal (countable and uncountable, plural surprisals)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 146",
"text": "Their chiefe attempts are by Stratagems, trecheries, or surprisals.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surprise attack or ambush; a sudden or unexpected assault."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"ambush",
"ambush"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, military) A surprise attack or ambush; a sudden or unexpected assault."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A sudden coming-upon someone or something unexpectedly or unawares."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A sudden coming-upon someone or something unexpectedly or unawares."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A surprising event or occurrence."
],
"links": [
[
"surprising",
"surprising"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A surprising event or occurrence."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The feeling caused by being surprised; surprise, shock, amazement."
],
"links": [
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
],
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"amazement",
"amazement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The feeling caused by being surprised; surprise, shock, amazement."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An information measure as equal in bits (binary digits) to the base-2 log of 1 over the probability, with the result that the number of choices equals 2ⁿ where n is the number of bits."
],
"links": [
[
"bit",
"bit"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sə(ɹ)ˈpɹaɪzəl/"
}
],
"word": "surprisal"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.