"surprisal" meaning in All languages combined

See surprisal on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /sə(ɹ)ˈpɹaɪzəl/ Forms: surprisals [plural]
Etymology: From surprise + -al. (information measure): Defined by Myron Tribus in the 1961 book Thermostatics and Thermodynamics. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|surprise|al}} surprise + -al, {{sense|information measure}} (information measure): Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} surprisal (countable and uncountable, plural surprisals)
  1. (obsolete, military) A surprise attack or ambush; a sudden or unexpected assault. Tags: countable, obsolete, uncountable Categories (topical): Military
    Sense id: en-surprisal-en-noun-oz2rdvdb Topics: government, military, politics, war
  2. (obsolete) A sudden coming-upon someone or something unexpectedly or unawares. Tags: countable, obsolete, uncountable
    Sense id: en-surprisal-en-noun-PKzFLIgG
  3. (obsolete) A surprising event or occurrence. Tags: countable, obsolete, uncountable
    Sense id: en-surprisal-en-noun-BL7l3owN
  4. (obsolete) The feeling caused by being surprised; surprise, shock, amazement. Tags: countable, obsolete, uncountable
    Sense id: en-surprisal-en-noun-z4a6iok3
  5. An information measure as equal in bits (binary digits) to the base-2 log of 1 over the probability, with the result that the number of choices equals 2ⁿ where n is the number of bits. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-surprisal-en-noun-S7b9JfMk Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -al, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 2 4 27 63 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -al: 10 8 9 26 47 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 3 5 24 63 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 3 4 27 62

Inflected forms

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  "etymology_text": "From surprise + -al.\n(information measure): Defined by Myron Tribus in the 1961 book Thermostatics and Thermodynamics.",
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          "ref": "1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 146:",
          "text": "Their chiefe attempts are by Stratagems, trecheries, or surprisals.",
          "type": "quote"
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        "(obsolete, military) A surprise attack or ambush; a sudden or unexpected assault."
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          "text": "How to secure the lady from surprisal",
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          "ref": "a. 1678 (date written), Isaac Barrow, “(please specify the chapter name or sermon number). The Consideration of our Latter End”, in The Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], published 1830–1831, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its surprisal.",
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        "A sudden coming-upon someone or something unexpectedly or unawares."
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        "(obsolete) A surprising event or occurrence."
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      "ipa": "/sə(ɹ)ˈpɹaɪzəl/"
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  "word": "surprisal"
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        "(obsolete) A surprising event or occurrence."
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        "(obsolete) The feeling caused by being surprised; surprise, shock, amazement."
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      "ipa": "/sə(ɹ)ˈpɹaɪzəl/"
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  "word": "surprisal"
}

Download raw JSONL data for surprisal meaning in All languages combined (3.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.