See supershift in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "shift",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish shift\nEnglish supershift\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shift\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"supershift\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"supershift\">\nFrom super- + shift.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish shift\nEnglish supershift\nFrom super- + shift.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "supershifts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "supershift (plural supershifts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biochemistry",
"orig": "en:Biochemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with super-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
30
]
],
"ref": "2003, T. Shiozawa et al., “Involvement of Cell Cycle Regulators in Steroid Hormone-Induced Growth of Endometrial Carcinoma”, in Kuramoto & Nishida, editors, Cell and Molecular Biology of Endometrial Carcinoma, →ISBN, page 89:",
"text": "In addition, a band supershift was observed when anti-c-Jun antibody was added.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A reduction in the mobility of a protein-DNA complex relative to unbound DNA, due to the binding of an antibody to that complex"
],
"id": "en-supershift-en-noun-HBDjHZ4i",
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"protein",
"protein"
],
[
"DNA",
"DNA"
],
[
"antibody",
"antibody"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry, proteomics) A reduction in the mobility of a protein-DNA complex relative to unbound DNA, due to the binding of an antibody to that complex"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "gelshift"
},
{
"word": "subshift"
}
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supershift.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "supershift"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "shift",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish shift\nEnglish supershift\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shift\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"supershift\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"supershift\">\nFrom super- + shift.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish shift\nEnglish supershift\nFrom super- + shift.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "supershifts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "supershifting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "supershifted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "supershifted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "supershift (third-person singular simple present supershifts, present participle supershifting, simple past and past participle supershifted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biochemistry",
"orig": "en:Biochemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To induce a supershift"
],
"id": "en-supershift-en-verb-DkgnzUre",
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"supershift",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry, proteomics) To induce a supershift"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supershift.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "supershift"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upér",
"English terms prefixed with super-",
"English verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "shift",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish shift\nEnglish supershift\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shift\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"supershift\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"supershift\">\nFrom super- + shift.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish shift\nEnglish supershift\nFrom super- + shift.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "supershifts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "supershift (plural supershifts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gelshift"
},
{
"word": "subshift"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Biochemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
30
]
],
"ref": "2003, T. Shiozawa et al., “Involvement of Cell Cycle Regulators in Steroid Hormone-Induced Growth of Endometrial Carcinoma”, in Kuramoto & Nishida, editors, Cell and Molecular Biology of Endometrial Carcinoma, →ISBN, page 89:",
"text": "In addition, a band supershift was observed when anti-c-Jun antibody was added.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A reduction in the mobility of a protein-DNA complex relative to unbound DNA, due to the binding of an antibody to that complex"
],
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"protein",
"protein"
],
[
"DNA",
"DNA"
],
[
"antibody",
"antibody"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry, proteomics) A reduction in the mobility of a protein-DNA complex relative to unbound DNA, due to the binding of an antibody to that complex"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supershift.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "supershift"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upér",
"English terms prefixed with super-",
"English verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "shift",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish shift\nEnglish supershift\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shift\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"supershift\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"supershift\">\nFrom super- + shift.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish shift\nEnglish supershift\nFrom super- + shift.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "supershifts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "supershifting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "supershifted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "supershifted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "supershift (third-person singular simple present supershifts, present participle supershifting, simple past and past participle supershifted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Biochemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"To induce a supershift"
],
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"supershift",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry, proteomics) To induce a supershift"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supershift.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-supershift.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "supershift"
}
Download raw JSONL data for supershift meaning in English (8.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: biochemistry, proteomics",
"path": [
"supershift"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "supershift",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: biochemistry, proteomics",
"path": [
"supershift"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "supershift",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: biochemistry, proteomics",
"path": [
"supershift"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "supershift",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: biochemistry, proteomics",
"path": [
"supershift"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "supershift",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.