"push polling" meaning in English

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          "ref": "2005, Samuel J. Best, Benjamin Radcliff, Polling America, →ISBN, page 610:",
          "text": "Allegations of push polling have become increasingly common during recent election campaigns for all levels of public office in the United States, including the presidency, Congress, state legislatures, and state initiative campaigns.",
          "type": "quote"
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        {
          "ref": "2008, Paul J. Lavrakas, Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods, →ISBN, page 646:",
          "text": "Push polling is so antithetical to legitimate polling that in 1996 the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR), the American Association of Political Consultants (AAPC), and the National Council on Public Polls (NCPP) issued a joint statement condemning the practice.",
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          "ref": "2011, Herbert Asher, Polling and the Public, →ISBN:",
          "text": "As a final example, the 2009 campaign to reelect Michael Bloomberg as mayor of New York City was accused of conducting push polling against a potential Bloomberg opponent, U.S. representative Anthony Weiner (Hernandez 2009).",
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          "ref": "2012, Michael A. Genovese, Matthew J. Streb, Polls and Politics: The Dilemmas of Democracy, →ISBN, page 105:",
          "text": "Push polling has extended beyond the boundaries of the United States, although one Toronto Sun article referred to push polling as \"a controversial U.S. style campaign tactic.\"",
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        "The practice of using push polls as a campaign or marketing technique."
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      "word": "push-polling"
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  "word": "push polling"
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          "ref": "2005, Samuel J. Best, Benjamin Radcliff, Polling America, →ISBN, page 610:",
          "text": "Allegations of push polling have become increasingly common during recent election campaigns for all levels of public office in the United States, including the presidency, Congress, state legislatures, and state initiative campaigns.",
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        },
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          "ref": "2008, Paul J. Lavrakas, Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods, →ISBN, page 646:",
          "text": "Push polling is so antithetical to legitimate polling that in 1996 the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR), the American Association of Political Consultants (AAPC), and the National Council on Public Polls (NCPP) issued a joint statement condemning the practice.",
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          "ref": "2011, Herbert Asher, Polling and the Public, →ISBN:",
          "text": "As a final example, the 2009 campaign to reelect Michael Bloomberg as mayor of New York City was accused of conducting push polling against a potential Bloomberg opponent, U.S. representative Anthony Weiner (Hernandez 2009).",
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        },
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          "ref": "2012, Michael A. Genovese, Matthew J. Streb, Polls and Politics: The Dilemmas of Democracy, →ISBN, page 105:",
          "text": "Push polling has extended beyond the boundaries of the United States, although one Toronto Sun article referred to push polling as \"a controversial U.S. style campaign tactic.\"",
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