See proleptic in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"ref": "1999, Kenneth R. Lang, Astrophysical Formulae: Space, Time, Matter and Cosmology, volume II, Springer, →ISBN, page 70:",
"text": "The Julian proleptic calendar is formed by applying the rules of the Julian calendar to times before Caesar's reform, and the Julian date (JD) specifies the particular instant of a day by ending the Julian day number with the fraction of the day elapsed since the preceding Greenwich noon.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Ian Chivers, Jane Sleightholme, Introduction to Programming with Fortran, Springer, →ISBN, page 535:",
"text": "The proleptic Gregorian calendar is produced by extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction in 1582.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Tomasz Lelek, Jon Skeet, Software Mistakes and Tradeoffs: How to Make Good Programming Decisions, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 155:",
"text": "The .NET epoch is midnight at the start of January 1st, AD 1, although that's AD 1 in a proleptic Gregorian calendar, which refers to even more complexity we haven't talked about yet.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption; of those used to adjust to or from the Julian calendar or Gregorian calendar."
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"raw_glosses": [
"(of a calendar) Extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption; of those used to adjust to or from the Julian calendar or Gregorian calendar."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a calendar"
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "calendar: extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption",
"word": "proleptinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "calendar: extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
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"word": "proleptique"
}
]
},
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1985 June, Anthony Burgess, “The Prisoner of Fame”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "Herbert Gorman’s life of Joyce was written not only when Finnegans Wake was a long way from completion but with the handicap of the subject himself insisting on a hagiography featuring a prolonged, if proleptic, martyrdom.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, W. Paul Jones, Theological Worlds, Nashville: Abingdon Press, page 151:",
"text": "In World Two, Jesus can be seen as the proleptic event, giving promise of God's vindication of creation in and through history.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Assigned a date that is too early."
],
"id": "en-proleptic-en-adj-T2FI0XwL",
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"(of an event) Assigned a date that is too early."
],
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"of an event"
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "ru",
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"roman": "preždevrémennyj",
"sense": "having been assigned too early a date",
"word": "преждевре́менный"
}
]
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{
"ref": "1844, Thomas De Quincey, “Greece Under the Romans”, in Blackwood's Magazine:",
"text": "A far-seeing or proleptic wisdom.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 September 8, Alex Preston, “Submission by Michel Houellebecq review – satire that’s more subtle than it seems”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "Submission, as is fitting for a dystopia written in the mode of the “not yet”, ends in a proleptic future tense, speaking of what will come for François and (with rather less authorial interest) for the people of France.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 August 26, Bret Stephens, “Tips for Aspiring Op-Ed Writers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "8) Be proleptic, a word that comes from the Greek for “anticipation.” That is, get the better of the major objection to your argument by raising and answering it in advance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"Anticipating and answering objections before they have been raised."
],
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"(rhetoric) Anticipating and answering objections before they have been raised."
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"etymology_text": "From prolepsis (“anticipation”) + -ic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more proleptic",
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{
"ref": "1999, Kenneth R. Lang, Astrophysical Formulae: Space, Time, Matter and Cosmology, volume II, Springer, →ISBN, page 70:",
"text": "The Julian proleptic calendar is formed by applying the rules of the Julian calendar to times before Caesar's reform, and the Julian date (JD) specifies the particular instant of a day by ending the Julian day number with the fraction of the day elapsed since the preceding Greenwich noon.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Ian Chivers, Jane Sleightholme, Introduction to Programming with Fortran, Springer, →ISBN, page 535:",
"text": "The proleptic Gregorian calendar is produced by extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction in 1582.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Tomasz Lelek, Jon Skeet, Software Mistakes and Tradeoffs: How to Make Good Programming Decisions, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 155:",
"text": "The .NET epoch is midnight at the start of January 1st, AD 1, although that's AD 1 in a proleptic Gregorian calendar, which refers to even more complexity we haven't talked about yet.",
"type": "quote"
}
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"Extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption; of those used to adjust to or from the Julian calendar or Gregorian calendar."
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"(of a calendar) Extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption; of those used to adjust to or from the Julian calendar or Gregorian calendar."
],
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"ref": "1985 June, Anthony Burgess, “The Prisoner of Fame”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "Herbert Gorman’s life of Joyce was written not only when Finnegans Wake was a long way from completion but with the handicap of the subject himself insisting on a hagiography featuring a prolonged, if proleptic, martyrdom.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, W. Paul Jones, Theological Worlds, Nashville: Abingdon Press, page 151:",
"text": "In World Two, Jesus can be seen as the proleptic event, giving promise of God's vindication of creation in and through history.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Assigned a date that is too early."
],
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"(of an event) Assigned a date that is too early."
],
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"of an event"
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"ref": "1844, Thomas De Quincey, “Greece Under the Romans”, in Blackwood's Magazine:",
"text": "A far-seeing or proleptic wisdom.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 September 8, Alex Preston, “Submission by Michel Houellebecq review – satire that’s more subtle than it seems”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "Submission, as is fitting for a dystopia written in the mode of the “not yet”, ends in a proleptic future tense, speaking of what will come for François and (with rather less authorial interest) for the people of France.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 August 26, Bret Stephens, “Tips for Aspiring Op-Ed Writers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "8) Be proleptic, a word that comes from the Greek for “anticipation.” That is, get the better of the major objection to your argument by raising and answering it in advance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anticipating and answering objections before they have been raised."
],
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[
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric"
]
],
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"(rhetoric) Anticipating and answering objections before they have been raised."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anticipatory"
},
{
"word": "procataleptic"
}
],
"tags": [
"rhetoric"
]
}
],
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"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "calendar: extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption",
"word": "proleptinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "calendar: extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "proleptique"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preždevrémennyj",
"sense": "having been assigned too early a date",
"word": "преждевре́менный"
}
],
"word": "proleptic"
}
Download raw JSONL data for proleptic meaning in English (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.