See norn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "nornen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English nornen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnornan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnornan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gnuʀnōn",
"t": "to mourn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gnuʀnōn (“to mourn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnew-",
"t": "to gnaw, scrape, rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnew- (“to gnaw, scrape, rub”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gnornōn",
"t": "to be sad"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gnornōn (“to be sad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "norna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish norna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English nornen, nurnen, from Old English gnornan, gnornian (“to be sad, murmur, complain, mourn, lament, grieve”), from Proto-West Germanic *gnuʀnōn (“to mourn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnew- (“to gnaw, scrape, rub”). Cognate with Old Saxon gnornōn (“to be sad”).\nAlternatively, the Middle English word may be of North Germanic origin. Compare dialectal Swedish norna, nyrna (“to inform secretly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "norns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "norning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "norned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "norned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nurn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "norn (third-person singular simple present norns, present participle norning, simple past and past participle norned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To mourn; complain."
],
"id": "en-norn-en-verb-d2P0kkx1",
"links": [
[
"mourn",
"mourn"
],
[
"complain",
"complain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To mourn; complain."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 50 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 29 6 6 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bring forward; proffer; propose."
],
"id": "en-norn-en-verb-~E-GhumI",
"links": [
[
"proffer",
"proffer"
],
[
"propose",
"propose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To bring forward; proffer; propose."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To say; speak; utter; tell."
],
"id": "en-norn-en-verb-~7BFxILn",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"tell",
"tell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To say; speak; utter; tell."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To call."
],
"id": "en-norn-en-verb-4Qt8PqRd",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To call."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɔɹn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-norn.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-norn.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-norn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-norn.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-norn.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɹn"
}
],
"word": "norn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɹn",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɹn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "nornen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English nornen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnornan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnornan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gnuʀnōn",
"t": "to mourn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gnuʀnōn (“to mourn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnew-",
"t": "to gnaw, scrape, rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnew- (“to gnaw, scrape, rub”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gnornōn",
"t": "to be sad"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gnornōn (“to be sad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "norna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish norna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English nornen, nurnen, from Old English gnornan, gnornian (“to be sad, murmur, complain, mourn, lament, grieve”), from Proto-West Germanic *gnuʀnōn (“to mourn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnew- (“to gnaw, scrape, rub”). Cognate with Old Saxon gnornōn (“to be sad”).\nAlternatively, the Middle English word may be of North Germanic origin. Compare dialectal Swedish norna, nyrna (“to inform secretly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "norns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "norning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "norned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "norned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nurn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "norn (third-person singular simple present norns, present participle norning, simple past and past participle norned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To mourn; complain."
],
"links": [
[
"mourn",
"mourn"
],
[
"complain",
"complain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To mourn; complain."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To bring forward; proffer; propose."
],
"links": [
[
"proffer",
"proffer"
],
[
"propose",
"propose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To bring forward; proffer; propose."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To say; speak; utter; tell."
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"tell",
"tell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To say; speak; utter; tell."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To call."
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To call."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɔɹn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-norn.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-norn.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-norn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-norn.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-norn.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɹn"
}
],
"word": "norn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for norn meaning in English (3.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.