"manga mark" meaning in English

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  "etymology_text": "Compound of manga + mark. Compare Japanese 漫符(まんぷ) (manpu, “manga icon”).",
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      "form": "manga marks",
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          "ref": "2006, David Shwalb, Jun Nakazawa, Barbara J. Shwalb, Applied Developmental Psychology: Theory, Practice, and Research from Japan, page 29:",
          "text": "Cultural learning experiences are required to understanding manga''' marks. For example, adults of Botswana interpreted a sweat mark used in Western comics as blood, rain, and tears (Byram and Garforth, 1980).",
          "type": "quote"
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        {
          "ref": "2014, Tatsuhiro Kishi, Hajime Futaki, Gabriele Trovato, Nobutsuna Endo, A Robotic Head that Displays Japanese “Manga” Marks:",
          "text": "In a previous preliminary experiment, we determined facial expressions for the robot KOBIAN-R with manga marks. Those expressions included four manga marks as “Cross popping veins” for “Anger”, “Tear mark” for “Sadness”, “Vertical lines” for “Fear” and “Wrinkle” for “Disgust”.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Jun Nakazawa, “Manga literacy and manga comprehension in Japanese children”, in Neil Cohn, editor, The Visual Narrative Reader, page 248:",
          "text": "Nakazawa (2005b) asked the meaning of the twelve manga''' marks to a sample of kindergartners, first-, fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-graders. Understanding of manga''' marks progressed along with grade level (Figure 7.2)",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, Kurobokuya, Kurobokuya manga lesson 4:",
          "text": "The comprehensive techniques that composes manga is immature. But there is a very high expressiveness in some aspects, such as the creation of a face viewed from the front and the expression of expressions using manga marks.",
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      "glosses": [
        "A cartoon icon; a symbol used to indicate emotion, movement, etc. in a drawing; especially one used in or associated with Japanese-style manga."
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      "id": "en-manga_mark-en-noun-8wDsYW9Z",
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        [
          "manga",
          "manga"
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          "anime",
          "anime"
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          "cartoon",
          "cartoon"
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          "icon",
          "icon"
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          "symbol",
          "symbol"
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          "emotion",
          "emotion"
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          "movement",
          "movement"
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      "qualifier": "cartooning",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cartooning, manga, anime) A cartoon icon; a symbol used to indicate emotion, movement, etc. in a drawing; especially one used in or associated with Japanese-style manga."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anime",
        "broadcasting",
        "comics",
        "film",
        "literature",
        "manga",
        "media",
        "publishing",
        "television"
      ]
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of manga + mark. Compare Japanese 漫符(まんぷ) (manpu, “manga icon”).",
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          "text": "Nakazawa (2005b) asked the meaning of the twelve manga''' marks to a sample of kindergartners, first-, fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-graders. Understanding of manga''' marks progressed along with grade level (Figure 7.2)",
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          "text": "The comprehensive techniques that composes manga is immature. But there is a very high expressiveness in some aspects, such as the creation of a face viewed from the front and the expression of expressions using manga marks.",
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      "glosses": [
        "A cartoon icon; a symbol used to indicate emotion, movement, etc. in a drawing; especially one used in or associated with Japanese-style manga."
      ],
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          "anime",
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          "cartoon",
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          "icon",
          "icon"
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          "symbol",
          "symbol"
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          "emotion",
          "emotion"
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          "movement",
          "movement"
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      "qualifier": "cartooning",
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        "(cartooning, manga, anime) A cartoon icon; a symbol used to indicate emotion, movement, etc. in a drawing; especially one used in or associated with Japanese-style manga."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anime",
        "broadcasting",
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        "manga",
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