See layering in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "backlayering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "multilayering"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*legʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/legʰ-"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
],
[
"*-éyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éyeti"
],
[
"*logʰéyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/logʰéyeti"
],
[
"*lagjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lagjaną"
],
[
"*laggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laggjan"
],
[
"leċġan",
"lecgan#Old_English"
],
[
"leyen",
"leyen#Middle_English"
],
[
"lay",
"lay#English:_place"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-āsios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"*-ārijaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz#Proto-Germanic:_noun"
],
[
"*-ārī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ārī#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Old_English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Middle_English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_English:_agentive"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "layer",
"4": "-ing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lagjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laggjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"leċġan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"leyen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lay\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārijaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agentive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":nom\", \"3\" : \"-ārius<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"title\" : \"-ārius\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"layer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"layering\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"layering\">\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "layer",
"4": "-ing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "layerings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "layering (plural layerings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 44 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 40 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 40 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 40 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 33 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 43 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "intricate layerings of harmony"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A structure made up of layers."
],
"id": "en-layering-en-noun-Pw7AJ3Uj",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "diastromátosi",
"sense": "structure of layers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "διαστρωμάτωση"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "stromátosi",
"sense": "structure of layers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στρωμάτωση"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 44 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 40 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 40 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 40 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 52 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 43 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 46 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 63 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 56 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 49 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 55 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 49 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 48 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 51 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 51 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 50 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 49 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 51 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A method of plant propagation by rooting cuttings."
],
"id": "en-layering-en-noun-Sf8m92gQ",
"links": [
[
"rooting",
"rooting"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yātiáo",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "壓條 /压条"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "marcottage"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "gadac̣vena",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "გადაწვენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "katavoláda",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καταβολάδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cisealú"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "margotta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "propagginazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "polegnuvanje",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "полегнување"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "pativaykkal",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "പതിവയ്ക്കൽ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "alporquia"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "razmnožénije otvódkami",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "размноже́ние отво́дками"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "chiết cành"
}
]
}
],
"word": "layering"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*legʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/legʰ-"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
],
[
"*-éyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éyeti"
],
[
"*logʰéyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/logʰéyeti"
],
[
"*lagjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lagjaną"
],
[
"*laggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laggjan"
],
[
"leċġan",
"lecgan#Old_English"
],
[
"leyen",
"leyen#Middle_English"
],
[
"lay",
"lay#English:_place"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-āsios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"*-ārijaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz#Proto-Germanic:_noun"
],
[
"*-ārī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ārī#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Old_English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Middle_English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_English:_agentive"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "layer",
"4": "-ing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lagjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laggjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"leċġan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"leyen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lay\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārijaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agentive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":nom\", \"3\" : \"-ārius<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"title\" : \"-ārius\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"layer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"layering\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"layering\">\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "layer",
"4": "-ing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "layering",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 44 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 40 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 40 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 40 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 43 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "layer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of layer"
],
"id": "en-layering-en-verb-bYV6mHAD",
"links": [
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "layering"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "backlayering"
},
{
"word": "multilayering"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*legʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/legʰ-"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
],
[
"*-éyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éyeti"
],
[
"*logʰéyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/logʰéyeti"
],
[
"*lagjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lagjaną"
],
[
"*laggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laggjan"
],
[
"leċġan",
"lecgan#Old_English"
],
[
"leyen",
"leyen#Middle_English"
],
[
"lay",
"lay#English:_place"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-āsios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"*-ārijaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz#Proto-Germanic:_noun"
],
[
"*-ārī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ārī#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Old_English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Middle_English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_English:_agentive"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "layer",
"4": "-ing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lagjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laggjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"leċġan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"leyen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lay\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārijaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agentive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":nom\", \"3\" : \"-ārius<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"title\" : \"-ārius\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"layer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"layering\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"layering\">\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "layer",
"4": "-ing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "layerings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "layering (plural layerings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "intricate layerings of harmony"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A structure made up of layers."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A method of plant propagation by rooting cuttings."
],
"links": [
[
"rooting",
"rooting"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
]
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "diastromátosi",
"sense": "structure of layers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "διαστρωμάτωση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "stromátosi",
"sense": "structure of layers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στρωμάτωση"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yātiáo",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "壓條 /压条"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "marcottage"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "gadac̣vena",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "გადაწვენა"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "katavoláda",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καταβολάδα"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cisealú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "margotta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "propagginazione"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "polegnuvanje",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "полегнување"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "pativaykkal",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "പതിവയ്ക്കൽ"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "alporquia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "razmnožénije otvódkami",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "размноже́ние отво́дками"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "a method of propagating plants by rooting cuttings",
"word": "chiết cành"
}
],
"word": "layering"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*legʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/legʰ-"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
],
[
"*-éyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éyeti"
],
[
"*logʰéyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/logʰéyeti"
],
[
"*lagjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lagjaną"
],
[
"*laggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laggjan"
],
[
"leċġan",
"lecgan#Old_English"
],
[
"leyen",
"leyen#Middle_English"
],
[
"lay",
"lay#English:_place"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-āsios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"*-ārijaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz#Proto-Germanic:_noun"
],
[
"*-ārī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ārī#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Old_English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Middle_English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_English:_agentive"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_agent_suffix"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "layer",
"4": "-ing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lagjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laggjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"leċġan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"leyen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lay\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārijaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agentive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":nom\", \"3\" : \"-ārius<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"title\" : \"-ārius\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"layer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"layering\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"layering\">\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "layer",
"4": "-ing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *logʰéyeti\nProto-Germanic *lagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *laggjan\nOld English leċġan\nMiddle English leyen\nEnglish lay\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish layer\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish layering\nFrom layer + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "layering",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "layer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of layer"
],
"links": [
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "layering"
}
Download raw JSONL data for layering meaning in English (24.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.