See laird in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"name": "doublet"
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],
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"A feudal lord in Scottish contexts."
],
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"(historical) A feudal lord in Scottish contexts."
],
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{
"ref": "1712 January 1, [William Mitchel], The Tinklars Speech to the Most Loyal Country-man, the Honourable Laird of Carnwath, [Edinburgh?]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 2:",
"text": "Now Wiſe, and Rich, and Worthie, and Wonderful, and Faithful and True, and Rare, & Charitable, and Great Laird of Carnwath, Be not Prowd, altho I Commend you at ſuch a Rate behind your back and yet never ſaw You...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1751, “The Speech of a Fife Laird, Newly Come from the Grave”, in The Speech of a Fife Laird Newly Come from the Grave. The Mare of Collingtoun. The Banishment of Poverty. Three Scots Poems, Glasgow: Printed and sold by Robert & Andrew Foulis, →OCLC, page 2:",
"text": "Once I was call'd a great Fife laird,\nI dwelt not far from the Hall-yard:\n[...]\nO! but it's long and many a year,\nSince laſt my feet did travel here.\nI find great change in old lairds places,\nI know the ground, but not the faces,\nWhere ſhall I turn me firſt about,\nFor my acquaintance is worn out?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1816, [Walter Scott], chapter II, in The Antiquary. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 27:",
"text": "[H]e brought with him money enough to purchase the small estate of Monkbarns, then sold by a dissipated laird to whose father it had been gifted, with other church lands, upon the dissolution of the great and wealthy monastery to which it had belonged.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848, [James Kirkland], chapter XV, in The Eerie Laird: Being the Only Authentic History of the Person so Called by Tradition in Scotland; […], London: T[homas] C[autley] Newby, […], →OCLC, page 143:",
"text": "Though now entered on the stage of glorious war, the young Laird of Dalbracken remained still the same imaginative and sensitive being who dreamed and loved in the scenes of his boyhood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Arthur [L.] Herman, “A Trap of Their Own Making”, in How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Europe’s Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It, New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers, →ISBN; paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Three Rivers Press, 2001, →ISBN, part 1 (Epiphany), page 40:",
"text": "Lowland lairds allied themselves with Highland chiefs, along with Edinburgh and Glasgow burghers who worried about having to compete for markets with English merchants.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An aristocrat, particularly in Scottish contexts and in reference to the chiefs of the Scottish clans."
],
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],
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"ref": "2013, Jayne Glass, Alister Scott, Martin F. Price, Charles Warren, “Sustainability in the Uplands: Introducing Key Concepts”, in Jayne Glass, Martin F. Price, Charles Warren, Alister Scott, editors, Lairds, Land and Sustainability: Scottish Perspectives on Upland Management, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, part 1 (Sustainability in the Uplands), box 1.9 (Who is the ‘Laird’?), page 23:",
"text": "In Scotland, the traditional term for the owner of an upland estate is the ‘laird’. [...] Well into the post-war period, the lairds of large estates were generally treated deferentially by local people but times have changed, [...] It would be a mistake to equate the title ‘laird’ to a British ‘lord’, as it does not confer any political standing, but the fact that some of Scotland’s lairds sit in the House of Lords can confuse the outsider.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"A landowner, particularly in Scottish contexts."
],
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],
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{
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],
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{
"_dis1": "35 34 31",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Scottish nobleman",
"word": "axa"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 34 31",
"code": "kmr",
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}
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{
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{
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{
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"ref": "1874, George Outram, “The Banks o’ the Dee”, in Henry Glassford Bell, editor, Lyrics Legal and Miscellaneous, 2nd edition, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, →OCLC, page 86:",
"text": "But cauld was his hearth ere his youdith was o'er, / An' he delved on the lands he had lairded before; / Yet though he beggared his ha' an' deserted his lea, / Contented he roamed on the banks o' the Dee.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Samantha Wynne-Rhydderch, “A Pair of Antlers”, in Not in Those Shoes, London: Picador, →ISBN, page 21:",
"text": "You'd stand with a single malt, / in braces, admiring a Grinling, / while I did a fingertip search of your face, / [...] / discovering the recesses of baronial you, / lairding it in a rental estate / we were about to lose.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Victoria Roberts, chapter 18, in X Marks the Scot, Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks Casablanca, →ISBN, page 194:",
"text": "Declan observed him, analyzing his reaction. He loved to unnerve his lairding brother.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 May 13, Ian Hughes, “Date with The Wicker Man for outdoor screening at Compton Verney”, in Leamington Observer, archived from the original on 2017-05-16:",
"text": "Classic horror movie The Wicker Man is getting an outside airing at Compton Verney. [...] Set on a remote Scottish island lairded over by the incomparable Christopher Lee, the film strands the viewer – and young policeman Edward Woodward – among a neo-pagan community where blood sacrifice, passion and lust collide in the mist.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly as laird it over: to behave like a laird, particularly to act haughtily or to domineer; to lord (it over)."
],
"id": "en-laird-en-verb-edp0ya6W",
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[
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],
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"(transitive, Scotland) Chiefly as laird it over: to behave like a laird, particularly to act haughtily or to domineer; to lord (it over)."
],
"tags": [
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"transitive"
]
}
],
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"Pages with 2 entries",
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"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:Leaders",
"en:Nobility",
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"word": "bonnet laird"
},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
"ref": "1712 January 1, [William Mitchel], The Tinklars Speech to the Most Loyal Country-man, the Honourable Laird of Carnwath, [Edinburgh?]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 2:",
"text": "Now Wiſe, and Rich, and Worthie, and Wonderful, and Faithful and True, and Rare, & Charitable, and Great Laird of Carnwath, Be not Prowd, altho I Commend you at ſuch a Rate behind your back and yet never ſaw You...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1751, “The Speech of a Fife Laird, Newly Come from the Grave”, in The Speech of a Fife Laird Newly Come from the Grave. The Mare of Collingtoun. The Banishment of Poverty. Three Scots Poems, Glasgow: Printed and sold by Robert & Andrew Foulis, →OCLC, page 2:",
"text": "Once I was call'd a great Fife laird,\nI dwelt not far from the Hall-yard:\n[...]\nO! but it's long and many a year,\nSince laſt my feet did travel here.\nI find great change in old lairds places,\nI know the ground, but not the faces,\nWhere ſhall I turn me firſt about,\nFor my acquaintance is worn out?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1816, [Walter Scott], chapter II, in The Antiquary. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 27:",
"text": "[H]e brought with him money enough to purchase the small estate of Monkbarns, then sold by a dissipated laird to whose father it had been gifted, with other church lands, upon the dissolution of the great and wealthy monastery to which it had belonged.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848, [James Kirkland], chapter XV, in The Eerie Laird: Being the Only Authentic History of the Person so Called by Tradition in Scotland; […], London: T[homas] C[autley] Newby, […], →OCLC, page 143:",
"text": "Though now entered on the stage of glorious war, the young Laird of Dalbracken remained still the same imaginative and sensitive being who dreamed and loved in the scenes of his boyhood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Arthur [L.] Herman, “A Trap of Their Own Making”, in How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Europe’s Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It, New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers, →ISBN; paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Three Rivers Press, 2001, →ISBN, part 1 (Epiphany), page 40:",
"text": "Lowland lairds allied themselves with Highland chiefs, along with Edinburgh and Glasgow burghers who worried about having to compete for markets with English merchants.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"An aristocrat, particularly in Scottish contexts and in reference to the chiefs of the Scottish clans."
],
"links": [
[
"aristocrat",
"aristocrat"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"Scottish",
"Scottish#Adjective"
],
[
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],
[
"reference",
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],
[
"chiefs",
"chief#Noun"
],
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Scotland) An aristocrat, particularly in Scottish contexts and in reference to the chiefs of the Scottish clans."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Scottish English"
],
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{
"ref": "2013, Jayne Glass, Alister Scott, Martin F. Price, Charles Warren, “Sustainability in the Uplands: Introducing Key Concepts”, in Jayne Glass, Martin F. Price, Charles Warren, Alister Scott, editors, Lairds, Land and Sustainability: Scottish Perspectives on Upland Management, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, part 1 (Sustainability in the Uplands), box 1.9 (Who is the ‘Laird’?), page 23:",
"text": "In Scotland, the traditional term for the owner of an upland estate is the ‘laird’. [...] Well into the post-war period, the lairds of large estates were generally treated deferentially by local people but times have changed, [...] It would be a mistake to equate the title ‘laird’ to a British ‘lord’, as it does not confer any political standing, but the fact that some of Scotland’s lairds sit in the House of Lords can confuse the outsider.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A landowner, particularly in Scottish contexts."
],
"links": [
[
"landowner",
"landowner"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"Scottish",
"Scottish#Adjective"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Scotland) A landowner, particularly in Scottish contexts."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-laird.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-laird.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-laird.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-laird.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-laird.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛəɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-laird.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-us-laird.oga/En-us-laird.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-us-laird.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/lerd/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)d"
},
{
"homophone": "laired"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Scottish nobleman",
"word": "axa"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Scottish nobleman",
"word": "xwedîerd"
}
],
"word": "laird"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Scots",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:Leaders",
"en:Nobility",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "laird"
},
"expansion": "Scots laird",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lard"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lard",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hlaford",
"3": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of hlaford and lord",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Scots laird, from northern or Scottish Middle English lard, laverd, a variant of lord. The verb is derived from the noun. Doublet of hlaford and lord.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lairds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lairding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lairded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lairded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "laird (third-person singular simple present lairds, present participle lairding, simple past and past participle lairded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874, George Outram, “The Banks o’ the Dee”, in Henry Glassford Bell, editor, Lyrics Legal and Miscellaneous, 2nd edition, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, →OCLC, page 86:",
"text": "But cauld was his hearth ere his youdith was o'er, / An' he delved on the lands he had lairded before; / Yet though he beggared his ha' an' deserted his lea, / Contented he roamed on the banks o' the Dee.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Samantha Wynne-Rhydderch, “A Pair of Antlers”, in Not in Those Shoes, London: Picador, →ISBN, page 21:",
"text": "You'd stand with a single malt, / in braces, admiring a Grinling, / while I did a fingertip search of your face, / [...] / discovering the recesses of baronial you, / lairding it in a rental estate / we were about to lose.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Victoria Roberts, chapter 18, in X Marks the Scot, Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks Casablanca, →ISBN, page 194:",
"text": "Declan observed him, analyzing his reaction. He loved to unnerve his lairding brother.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 May 13, Ian Hughes, “Date with The Wicker Man for outdoor screening at Compton Verney”, in Leamington Observer, archived from the original on 2017-05-16:",
"text": "Classic horror movie The Wicker Man is getting an outside airing at Compton Verney. [...] Set on a remote Scottish island lairded over by the incomparable Christopher Lee, the film strands the viewer – and young policeman Edward Woodward – among a neo-pagan community where blood sacrifice, passion and lust collide in the mist.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly as laird it over: to behave like a laird, particularly to act haughtily or to domineer; to lord (it over)."
],
"links": [
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"laird",
"#Noun"
],
[
"act",
"act#Verb"
],
[
"haughtily",
"haughtily"
],
[
"domineer",
"domineer"
],
[
"lord",
"lord#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Scotland) Chiefly as laird it over: to behave like a laird, particularly to act haughtily or to domineer; to lord (it over)."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-laird.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-laird.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-laird.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-laird.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-laird.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛəɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-laird.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-us-laird.oga/En-us-laird.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-us-laird.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/lerd/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)d"
},
{
"homophone": "laired"
}
],
"word": "laird"
}
Download raw JSONL data for laird meaning in English (11.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.