"kula" meaning in English

See kula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: kulas [plural]
Etymology: From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian قله (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|zls}} South Slavic, {{der|en|tr|kule}} Turkish kule, {{der|en|fa|قله|tr=qolle}} Persian قله (qolle), {{uder|en|ar|قُلَّة||pinnacle, zenith}} Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”), {{root|en|ar|ق ل ل}} Head templates: {{en-noun}} kula (plural kulas)
  1. A tower, turret or steeple in Southeast Europe erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area.
    Sense id: en-kula-en-noun-fKVbPnhq Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English undefined derivations, Pages with entries, Zacatepec Chatino entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 79 21 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 1 0 5 5 9 2 0 0 5 3 4 5 0 1 4 9 3 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 4 4 0 3 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Zacatepec Chatino entries with incorrect language header: 3 2 1 6 6 11 3 0 0 3 2 2 3 0 1 2 7 2 2 0 1 0 3 1 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 2 2 2 4 0 1 0 3 2 1 2 5 5 0 2 0 0 0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} kula (uncountable)
  1. A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority. Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-kula-en-noun-J0-JfeQ5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

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  "etymology_number": 1,
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zls"
      },
      "expansion": "South Slavic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tr",
        "3": "kule"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish kule",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "قله",
        "tr": "qolle"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian قله (qolle)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "قُلَّة",
        "4": "",
        "5": "pinnacle, zenith"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "ق ل ل"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian قله (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kulas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "kula (plural kulas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "79 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 1 0 5 5 9 2 0 0 5 3 4 5 0 1 4 9 3 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 4 4 0 3 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 1 6 6 11 3 0 0 3 2 2 3 0 1 2 7 2 2 0 1 0 3 1 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 2 2 2 4 0 1 0 3 2 1 2 5 5 0 2 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zacatepec Chatino entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe, page 107:",
          "text": "Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold a kula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, Adil Zulfikarpašić, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Gaće, The Bosniak, page 5:",
          "text": "The most important kulas of the Čengić-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, Miranda Vickers, Between Serb and Albanian, page 111:",
          "text": "The kulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', ie. adult men ready to fight.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tower, turret or steeple in Southeast Europe erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area."
      ],
      "id": "en-kula-en-noun-fKVbPnhq",
      "links": [
        [
          "tower",
          "tower"
        ],
        [
          "turret",
          "turret"
        ],
        [
          "steeple",
          "steeple"
        ],
        [
          "Southeast Europe",
          "Southeast Europe"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "kula"
  ],
  "word": "kula"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "kula (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority."
      ],
      "id": "en-kula-en-noun-J0-JfeQ5",
      "links": [
        [
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        ],
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          "exchange"
        ],
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          "system",
          "system"
        ],
        [
          "Papua New Guinea",
          "Papua New Guinea"
        ],
        [
          "bracelet",
          "bracelet"
        ],
        [
          "necklace",
          "necklace"
        ],
        [
          "political",
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        [
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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Persian",
    "English terms derived from South Slavic languages",
    "English terms derived from Turkish",
    "English terms derived from the Arabic root ق ل ل",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "Pages with 26 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Zacatepec Chatino entries with incorrect language header",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tr",
        "3": "kule"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish kule",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "قله",
        "tr": "qolle"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian قله (qolle)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "قُلَّة",
        "4": "",
        "5": "pinnacle, zenith"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "ق ل ل"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian قله (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kulas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "kula (plural kulas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
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        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe, page 107:",
          "text": "Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold a kula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, Adil Zulfikarpašić, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Gaće, The Bosniak, page 5:",
          "text": "The most important kulas of the Čengić-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, Miranda Vickers, Between Serb and Albanian, page 111:",
          "text": "The kulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', ie. adult men ready to fight.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tower, turret or steeple in Southeast Europe erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tower",
          "tower"
        ],
        [
          "turret",
          "turret"
        ],
        [
          "steeple",
          "steeple"
        ],
        [
          "Southeast Europe",
          "Southeast Europe"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "kula"
  ],
  "word": "kula"
}

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    "Pages with 26 entries",
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    "Zacatepec Chatino entries with incorrect language header",
    "Zacatepec Chatino lemmas",
    "Zacatepec Chatino nouns"
  ],
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  "pos": "noun",
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    {
      "glosses": [
        "A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority."
      ],
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        [
          "ceremonial",
          "ceremonial"
        ],
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        ],
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          "system",
          "system"
        ],
        [
          "Papua New Guinea",
          "Papua New Guinea"
        ],
        [
          "bracelet",
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        ],
        [
          "necklace",
          "necklace"
        ],
        [
          "political",
          "political"
        ],
        [
          "authority",
          "authority"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "kula"
  ],
  "word": "kula"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kula meaning in English (3.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.