See iwis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "iwis, iwys, ywis",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Middle English iwis, iwys, ywis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġewiss",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gawiss"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gawiss",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz",
"4": "",
"5": "known, certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz (“known, certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gewis",
"3": "",
"4": "sure"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gewis (“sure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gewiss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "German gewiss (“certain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vis",
"3": "",
"4": "sure"
},
"expansion": "Danish vis (“sure”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English iwis, iwys, ywis (“certain, sure”), from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”), from Proto-West Germanic *gawiss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz (“known, certain, sure”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”).\nCognate with Dutch gewis (“sure”), German gewiss (“certain”), Danish vis (“sure”). More at wit, wis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "iwis (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1842, Thomas Macaulay, Horatius:",
"text": "Iwis, in all the Senate\n There was no heart so bold[…].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1890, James Russell Lowell, Poetical Works:",
"text": "God vanished long ago, iwis, A mere subjective synthesis",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Certainly, surely, indeed."
],
"id": "en-iwis-en-adv-OBUdOB2M",
"links": [
[
"Certainly",
"certainly"
],
[
"surely",
"surely"
],
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, archaic) Certainly, surely, indeed."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "iwys (16th century)"
},
{
"word": "ywis (16th–17th centuries)"
},
{
"word": "y-wis"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈwɪs/"
}
],
"word": "iwis"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "iwis, iwys, ywis",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Middle English iwis, iwys, ywis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġewiss",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gawiss"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gawiss",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz",
"4": "",
"5": "known, certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz (“known, certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gewis",
"3": "",
"4": "sure"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gewis (“sure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gewiss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "German gewiss (“certain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vis",
"3": "",
"4": "sure"
},
"expansion": "Danish vis (“sure”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English iwis, iwys, ywis (“certain, sure”), from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”), from Proto-West Germanic *gawiss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz (“known, certain, sure”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”).\nCognate with Dutch gewis (“sure”), German gewiss (“certain”), Danish vis (“sure”). More at wit, wis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "iwis (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English poetic terms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1842, Thomas Macaulay, Horatius:",
"text": "Iwis, in all the Senate\n There was no heart so bold[…].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1890, James Russell Lowell, Poetical Works:",
"text": "God vanished long ago, iwis, A mere subjective synthesis",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Certainly, surely, indeed."
],
"links": [
[
"Certainly",
"certainly"
],
[
"surely",
"surely"
],
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, archaic) Certainly, surely, indeed."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈwɪs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "iwys (16th century)"
},
{
"word": "ywis (16th–17th centuries)"
},
{
"word": "y-wis"
}
],
"word": "iwis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for iwis meaning in English (3.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.