"hedge sermon" meaning in English

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  "etymology_text": "Calque of Dutch hagenpreek, from hage (“hedge”) + preek (“sermon”).",
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    {
      "form": "hedge sermons",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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          "ref": "1999, Geert Mak; Philipp Blom, transl., Amsterdam: A Brief Life of the City, London: Harvill Press, ISBN 978-1-86046-598-7; republished London: Vintage Books, 2001, ISBN 978-1-86046-789-9, page 82",
          "text": "Fearing an escalation of the unrest, the city administrators made some important concessions to the Protestants: the Catholic churches were closed after the removal of all religious images; the Calvinists were permitted to hold their hedge sermons, albeit only outside the city […]."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Peter J. Arnade, Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: The Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, page 71",
          "text": "The first so-called hedge sermon was held in the cemetery of Boeschepe in the always turbulent Flemish Westkwartier on Sunday morning, July 12, timed to coincide with mass.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, James D[onald] Tracey, The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland, 1572–1588, Oxford: Oxford University Press",
          "text": "Even after the iconoclasm that began on 10 August, many in the Netherlands hoped to see freedom of worship for all, without public violence, hedge-sermons, or the burning of heretics.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
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        "An open-air religious service held by Calvinists in the Low Countries during the Reformation, typically in rural areas beyond the reach of civic authorities."
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      "id": "en-hedge_sermon-en-noun-UT45bi4Z",
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        "(Christianity, historical) An open-air religious service held by Calvinists in the Low Countries during the Reformation, typically in rural areas beyond the reach of civic authorities."
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      "related": [
        {
          "word": "hedge parson"
        },
        {
          "word": "hedge priest"
        }
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        "Christianity"
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        "Budapest",
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      ]
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      "audio": "en-au-hedge sermon.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/En-au-hedge_sermon.ogg/En-au-hedge_sermon.ogg.mp3",
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        "Australia"
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      "text": "Audio (AU)"
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  ],
  "word": "hedge sermon"
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  "etymology_text": "Calque of Dutch hagenpreek, from hage (“hedge”) + preek (“sermon”).",
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    {
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      "tags": [
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      "word": "hedge parson"
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      "word": "hedge priest"
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          "text": "Fearing an escalation of the unrest, the city administrators made some important concessions to the Protestants: the Catholic churches were closed after the removal of all religious images; the Calvinists were permitted to hold their hedge sermons, albeit only outside the city […]."
        },
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  ],
  "word": "hedge sermon"
}