See hawkish in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hawkishly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hawkishness"
}
],
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{
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},
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},
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "hawk",
"3": "ish"
},
"expansion": "hawk + -ish",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From hawk + -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more hawkish",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most hawkish",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hawkish (comparative more hawkish, superlative most hawkish)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "war hawk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Resembling a hawk in appearance or behaviour."
],
"id": "en-hawkish-en-adj-ST3WfiMN",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "resembling a hawk",
"word": "falkenartig"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dovish"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The Prime Minister could count on the support of a hawkish majority in Parliament to support the invasion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019 September 10, Christian Britschgi, “Ultra-Hawk John Bolton Fired From Trump Administration”, in Reason:",
"text": "This was not the first disagreement between the ultra-hawkish Bolton and the occasionally more intervention-skeptic Trump.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 July 1, Dan Friedman, “Congressional Democrats Are Tying Themselves Into Knots About Whether to Restrict Aid to Israel”, in Mother Jones:",
"text": "But before the letter was finalized, it drew denunciation from the hawkish American Israel Public Affairs Committee.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 August 21, Anton Troianovski, “Brazen Attack Near Moscow Rattles Russians”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "The Russian authorities said on Sunday that they had begun a murder investigation into the killing of Daria Dugina, 29, a hawkish political commentator who was the daughter of the philosopher Aleksandr Dugin, long a leading proponent of an imperialist Russia who has been urging the Kremlin to escalate its assault on Ukraine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Supportive of warlike foreign policy; bellicose; inclined toward military action."
],
"id": "en-hawkish-en-adj-j5fn-CQ0",
"links": [
[
"warlike",
"warlike"
],
[
"bellicose",
"bellicose"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bellicose"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bagarreur"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "batailleur"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "wucherisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "militaristisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polemocharís",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολεμοχαρής"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "voínstvennyj",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "вои́нственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "urá-patriotíčeskij",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "ура́-патриоти́ческий"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "militarístskij",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "милитари́стский"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jastrebínyj",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "ястреби́ный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "falconino"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dovish"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 28 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 35 51",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "17 20 63",
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{
"_dis": "18 18 64",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 32 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 32 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 29 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 31 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 27 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The Federal Reserve's recent statement on the slowing of inflation was interpreted as hawkish by the market.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Favouring increasing interest rates; inclined towards increasing interest rates."
],
"id": "en-hawkish-en-adj-H4zJ7jGS",
"links": [
[
"interest rate",
"interest rate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɔːkɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hawkish.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hawkish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hawkish.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːkɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːkɪʃ"
}
],
"word": "hawkish"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂p-",
"English terms suffixed with -ish",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːkɪʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːkɪʃ/2 syllables",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hawkishly"
},
{
"word": "hawkishness"
}
],
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"3": "*keh₂p-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hawk",
"3": "ish"
},
"expansion": "hawk + -ish",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From hawk + -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more hawkish",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most hawkish",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
"expansion": "hawkish (comparative more hawkish, superlative most hawkish)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "war hawk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Resembling a hawk in appearance or behaviour."
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dovish"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The Prime Minister could count on the support of a hawkish majority in Parliament to support the invasion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019 September 10, Christian Britschgi, “Ultra-Hawk John Bolton Fired From Trump Administration”, in Reason:",
"text": "This was not the first disagreement between the ultra-hawkish Bolton and the occasionally more intervention-skeptic Trump.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 July 1, Dan Friedman, “Congressional Democrats Are Tying Themselves Into Knots About Whether to Restrict Aid to Israel”, in Mother Jones:",
"text": "But before the letter was finalized, it drew denunciation from the hawkish American Israel Public Affairs Committee.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 August 21, Anton Troianovski, “Brazen Attack Near Moscow Rattles Russians”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "The Russian authorities said on Sunday that they had begun a murder investigation into the killing of Daria Dugina, 29, a hawkish political commentator who was the daughter of the philosopher Aleksandr Dugin, long a leading proponent of an imperialist Russia who has been urging the Kremlin to escalate its assault on Ukraine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Supportive of warlike foreign policy; bellicose; inclined toward military action."
],
"links": [
[
"warlike",
"warlike"
],
[
"bellicose",
"bellicose"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bellicose"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dovish"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The Federal Reserve's recent statement on the slowing of inflation was interpreted as hawkish by the market.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Favouring increasing interest rates; inclined towards increasing interest rates."
],
"links": [
[
"interest rate",
"interest rate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɔːkɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hawkish.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hawkish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hawkish.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːkɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːkɪʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "resembling a hawk",
"word": "falkenartig"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bagarreur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "batailleur"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "wucherisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "militaristisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polemocharís",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολεμοχαρής"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "voínstvennyj",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "вои́нственный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "urá-patriotíčeskij",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "ура́-патриоти́ческий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "militarístskij",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "милитари́стский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jastrebínyj",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "ястреби́ный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "supportive of warlike foreign policy",
"word": "falconino"
}
],
"word": "hawkish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hawkish meaning in English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.