"flyover" meaning in English

See flyover in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: flyovers [plural]
Etymology: Deverbal from fly over. Head templates: {{en-noun}} flyover (plural flyovers)
  1. (US) A low-level flight, especially of military aircraft, of a ceremonial nature; a flypast (British). Tags: US Translations (low-level flight): ylilento (Finnish), Tiefflug [masculine] (German)
    Sense id: en-flyover-en-noun-McwZhYQN Categories (other): American English, English deverbals, English links with manual fragments, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of English deverbals: 16 34 13 36 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 17 33 18 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 24 30 13 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 32 12 34 Disambiguation of 'low-level flight': 88 2 8 2
  2. (UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, Philippines) A road or railway that passes over another, allowing routes to cross without interruption. Tags: Commonwealth, Ireland, Philippines, UK Categories (topical): Roads Synonyms: overpass Translations (road): উৰণীয়া সেতু (uronia xetu) (Assamese), надлез (nadlez) [masculine] (Bulgarian), nadjezd [masculine] (Czech), viadukt [masculine] (Czech), fly-over [masculine] (Dutch), ylikulku (Finnish), Überführung [feminine] (German), Straßenüberführung [feminine] [road, transport] (German), Eisenbahnüberführung (english: railway) [feminine] (German), ανισόπεδη διάβαση (anisópedi diávasi) [feminine] (Greek), उड़ान पुल (uṛān pul) [masculine] (Hindi), jalan layang (Indonesian), cavalcavia [masculine] (Italian), viadotto [masculine] (Italian), на́двозник (nádvoznik) [masculine] (Macedonian), jejambat (Malay), उड्डाणपूल (uḍḍāṇpūl) (Marathi), wiadukt (Polish), viaduto [masculine] (Portuguese), viadukt [common-gender] (Swedish), vägbro [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-flyover-en-noun-V51dltO1 Disambiguation of Roads: 4 55 34 8 Categories (other): British English, Commonwealth English, Irish English, Philippine English, English deverbals, English entries with incorrect language header, English links with manual fragments, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of English deverbals: 16 34 13 36 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 18 42 12 28 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 17 33 18 31 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 16 51 10 23 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 16 46 8 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 49 5 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 24 30 13 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 14 49 13 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 16 45 12 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 20 40 20 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 15 48 11 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 32 12 34 Disambiguation of 'road': 0 100 0 0
  3. (US) A high-level overpass built above main overpass lanes. Tags: US
    Sense id: en-flyover-en-noun-NsX5T5Wn Categories (other): American English, English deverbals, English links with manual fragments, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of English deverbals: 16 34 13 36 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 17 33 18 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 24 30 13 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 32 12 34
  4. (US, informal, attributive) Middle America, noncoastal America. Tags: US, attributive, informal
    Sense id: en-flyover-en-noun-ZqDzB8TA Categories (other): American English, English deverbals, English links with manual fragments, Terms with Assamese translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Marathi translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Wikipedia with redundant first parameter Disambiguation of English deverbals: 16 34 13 36 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 17 33 18 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Assamese translations: 18 28 11 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 24 30 13 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 22 28 12 38 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 16 30 11 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 23 31 11 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 21 27 11 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Marathi translations: 14 29 11 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 32 12 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 22 26 12 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 20 27 10 42 Disambiguation of Wikipedia with redundant first parameter: 20 27 17 36
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: fly-over Derived forms: flyover country, flyover state Related terms: overflight, overfly

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "flyover country"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "flyover state"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "Deverbal from fly over.",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "flyovers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
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      "expansion": "flyover (plural flyovers)",
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "overflight"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "overfly"
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          "flight"
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          "flypast"
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        {
          "_dis1": "88 2 8 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "low-level flight",
          "word": "ylilento"
        },
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          "_dis1": "88 2 8 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "low-level flight",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
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          "word": "Tiefflug"
        }
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        {
          "word": "underpass"
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        {
          "word": "flyunder"
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            "Transport",
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1951 January, R. A. H. Weight, “A Railway Recorder in Essex and Hertfordshire”, in Railway Magazine, page 44:",
          "text": "They form part of the vast electrification and reconstruction schemes which have been in hand for a number of years at Liverpool Street, and in suburban Essex, and include the rearrangement of tracks, of which the Ilford flyover forms part; the modern signal boxes, now needed only at key points; the electric control or sub-stations; and a large electric car shed.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1961 November, H. G. Ellison, P. G. Barlow, “Journey through France: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 670:",
          "text": "As our train to Paris dashed through the labyrynthine flyovers at Porchefontaine, barely a mile from Versailles, the 75 m.p.h. limit was already almost attained.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 89:",
          "text": "The sales of toy motor-cars were enormous, and not only are there cars, there are all the accessories to go with them. In 1960 there were road sections with flyovers and banked corners on which sports and saloons could whizz along at a speed of 250 m.p.h, which apparently was a real speed of from six to seven miles per hour.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
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        "A road or railway that passes over another, allowing routes to cross without interruption."
      ],
      "id": "en-flyover-en-noun-V51dltO1",
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          "road"
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        [
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          "railway"
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        "(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, Philippines) A road or railway that passes over another, allowing routes to cross without interruption."
      ],
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          "word": "overpass"
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      ],
      "tags": [
        "Commonwealth",
        "Ireland",
        "Philippines",
        "UK"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "as",
          "lang": "Assamese",
          "roman": "uronia xetu",
          "sense": "road",
          "word": "উৰণীয়া সেতু"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nadlez",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "надлез"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "cs",
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          "sense": "road",
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            "masculine"
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          "word": "nadjezd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "cs",
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          "sense": "road",
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          "word": "viadukt"
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        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "fly-over"
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        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "road",
          "word": "ylikulku"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Überführung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "topics": [
            "road",
            "transport"
          ],
          "word": "Straßenüberführung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "english": "railway",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Eisenbahnüberführung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "anisópedi diávasi",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ανισόπεδη διάβαση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "uṛān pul",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "उड़ान पुल"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "road",
          "word": "jalan layang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cavalcavia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "viadotto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "nádvoznik",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "на́двозник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "road",
          "word": "jejambat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "uḍḍāṇpūl",
          "sense": "road",
          "word": "उड्डाणपूल"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "road",
          "word": "wiadukt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "word": "viaduto"
        },
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          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "viadukt"
        },
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          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "road",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "vägbro"
        }
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        "(US) A high-level overpass built above main overpass lanes."
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        {
          "ref": "2018 September 26, Carson Vaughan, “'Boom Town' Explodes the Notion of ‘Flyover’ Territory”, in The Atlantic:",
          "text": "Boom Town may not be a definitive text—save that for the historians—but it’s a significant update, one that exchanges the dusty pop-cultural clichés of a “flyover” city for the spark of a sincerely enlightening place.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018 October 30, Rahm Emanuel, “The Biggest Story of the Midterms Is One the Democrats Aren’t Telling”, in The Atlantic:",
          "text": "If Democrats end up flipping state houses in places Trump won in 2016, they will have proved themselves capable of winning in the places coastal elites derisively refer to as “flyover America.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Middle America, noncoastal America."
      ],
      "id": "en-flyover-en-noun-ZqDzB8TA",
      "links": [
        [
          "Middle America",
          "Middle America"
        ],
        [
          "noncoastal",
          "noncoastal"
        ],
        [
          "America",
          "America"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, informal, attributive) Middle America, noncoastal America."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "attributive",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fly-over"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "flyover"
  ],
  "word": "flyover"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English deverbals",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English links with manual fragments",
    "English nouns",
    "English phrasal nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Assamese translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Marathi translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "en:Roads",
    "wikipedia with redundant first parameter"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "flyover country"
    },
    {
      "word": "flyover state"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Deverbal from fly over.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "flyovers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "flyover (plural flyovers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "overflight"
    },
    {
      "word": "overfly"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "American English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A low-level flight, especially of military aircraft, of a ceremonial nature; a flypast (British)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flight",
          "flight"
        ],
        [
          "flypast",
          "flypast"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US) A low-level flight, especially of military aircraft, of a ceremonial nature; a flypast (British)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "underpass"
        },
        {
          "word": "flyunder"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "Commonwealth English",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Irish English",
        "Philippine English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1951 January, R. A. H. Weight, “A Railway Recorder in Essex and Hertfordshire”, in Railway Magazine, page 44:",
          "text": "They form part of the vast electrification and reconstruction schemes which have been in hand for a number of years at Liverpool Street, and in suburban Essex, and include the rearrangement of tracks, of which the Ilford flyover forms part; the modern signal boxes, now needed only at key points; the electric control or sub-stations; and a large electric car shed.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1961 November, H. G. Ellison, P. G. Barlow, “Journey through France: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 670:",
          "text": "As our train to Paris dashed through the labyrynthine flyovers at Porchefontaine, barely a mile from Versailles, the 75 m.p.h. limit was already almost attained.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 89:",
          "text": "The sales of toy motor-cars were enormous, and not only are there cars, there are all the accessories to go with them. In 1960 there were road sections with flyovers and banked corners on which sports and saloons could whizz along at a speed of 250 m.p.h, which apparently was a real speed of from six to seven miles per hour.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A road or railway that passes over another, allowing routes to cross without interruption."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "railway",
          "railway"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, Philippines) A road or railway that passes over another, allowing routes to cross without interruption."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "overpass"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Commonwealth",
        "Ireland",
        "Philippines",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "American English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A high-level overpass built above main overpass lanes."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "overpass",
          "overpass"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US) A high-level overpass built above main overpass lanes."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "American English",
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018 September 26, Carson Vaughan, “'Boom Town' Explodes the Notion of ‘Flyover’ Territory”, in The Atlantic:",
          "text": "Boom Town may not be a definitive text—save that for the historians—but it’s a significant update, one that exchanges the dusty pop-cultural clichés of a “flyover” city for the spark of a sincerely enlightening place.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018 October 30, Rahm Emanuel, “The Biggest Story of the Midterms Is One the Democrats Aren’t Telling”, in The Atlantic:",
          "text": "If Democrats end up flipping state houses in places Trump won in 2016, they will have proved themselves capable of winning in the places coastal elites derisively refer to as “flyover America.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Middle America, noncoastal America."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Middle America",
          "Middle America"
        ],
        [
          "noncoastal",
          "noncoastal"
        ],
        [
          "America",
          "America"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, informal, attributive) Middle America, noncoastal America."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "attributive",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "fly-over"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "low-level flight",
      "word": "ylilento"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "low-level flight",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Tiefflug"
    },
    {
      "code": "as",
      "lang": "Assamese",
      "roman": "uronia xetu",
      "sense": "road",
      "word": "উৰণীয়া সেতু"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nadlez",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "надлез"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nadjezd"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "viadukt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fly-over"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "road",
      "word": "ylikulku"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Überführung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "road",
        "transport"
      ],
      "word": "Straßenüberführung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "english": "railway",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Eisenbahnüberführung"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "anisópedi diávasi",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ανισόπεδη διάβαση"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "uṛān pul",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "उड़ान पुल"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "road",
      "word": "jalan layang"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cavalcavia"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "viadotto"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "nádvoznik",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "на́двозник"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "road",
      "word": "jejambat"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "uḍḍāṇpūl",
      "sense": "road",
      "word": "उड्डाणपूल"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "road",
      "word": "wiadukt"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "viaduto"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "viadukt"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "road",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "vägbro"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "flyover"
  ],
  "word": "flyover"
}

Download raw JSONL data for flyover meaning in English (7.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.