"draw a line in the sand" meaning in English

See draw a line in the sand in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Audio: en-au-draw a line in the sand.ogg Forms: draws a line in the sand [present, singular, third-person], drawing a line in the sand [participle, present], drew a line in the sand [past], drawn a line in the sand [participle, past]
Etymology: Unknown. In the US, it is commonly accepted as a reference to the action of William B. Travis, who, in 1836, while commanding the defenders of the Alamo and contemplating a demand for surrender, drew a line in the sand and asked those willing to remain and defend the Alamo to their deaths to step across. Etymology templates: {{unk|en}} Unknown Head templates: {{en-verb|draw<,,drew,drawn> a line in the sand}} draw a line in the sand (third-person singular simple present draws a line in the sand, present participle drawing a line in the sand, simple past drew a line in the sand, past participle drawn a line in the sand)
  1. (intransitive) To lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment (often one which carries a high risk) to a cause. Tags: intransitive Synonyms: draw lines in the sand Related terms: cross the line, draw the line, red line Translations (to lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment): haastaa (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-draw_a_line_in_the_sand-en-verb-JwBMO9fi Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Russian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 51 19 30 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 67 15 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 66 14 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 77 10 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 55 21 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 63 17 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 63 17 20 Disambiguation of 'to lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment': 96 2 1
  2. To create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between (two places, people or things). Translations (to create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between): vetää raja (Finnish), не переступать черту (ne perestupatʹ čertu) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-draw_a_line_in_the_sand-en-verb-6Hjwnsys Disambiguation of 'to create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between': 2 76 21
  3. To indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable or will provoke a response; to create a boundary and imply or declare that its crossing will provoke a (negative) response. Translations (to indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable): vetää raja (Finnish), asettaa raja (Finnish), mettere dei paletti (Italian)
    Sense id: en-draw_a_line_in_the_sand-en-verb-~0z3dlKz Disambiguation of 'to indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable': 4 4 92

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. In the US, it is commonly accepted as a reference to the action of William B. Travis, who, in 1836, while commanding the defenders of the Alamo and contemplating a demand for surrender, drew a line in the sand and asked those willing to remain and defend the Alamo to their deaths to step across.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "draws a line in the sand",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drawing a line in the sand",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drew a line in the sand",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drawn a line in the sand",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "draw<,,drew,drawn> a line in the sand"
      },
      "expansion": "draw a line in the sand (third-person singular simple present draws a line in the sand, present participle drawing a line in the sand, simple past drew a line in the sand, past participle drawn a line in the sand)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 19 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 14 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 10 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 21 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 17 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 17 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1998, Jerry B. Jenkins with Tim F. LaHaye, Through the flames:",
          "text": "\"Well,\" Judd said, \"what's the deal. You in or out?\" \"I have to decide right now?\" \"We have a meeting with Bruce tonight and church tomorrow morning. You go with us tonight and you promise to go tomorrow, or you move out this afternoon.\" \"The man's drawing a line in the sand for you,\" Lionel said. \"Lionel!\" Vicki scolded. \"I'm just sayin', the line has been drawn. You crossing the line, Ryan? Or are you with us?\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "text": "2007, Daniel Pyne, Glenn Gers (scriptwriters), Fracture,\nWILLY: It doesn't have to stick: we just need to get a court order for now - to keep Crawford from pulling the plug! With all the brain-power here, I'm sure somebody can come up with a pretext or call in a favor. Then we can tie this up in court while we arrange a state-appointed conservatorship - so we can protect her while we fight him on -\nNIKKI: What's the point, Willy?\nWILLY: The point?! [Willy stares.] Because she's drawn a line in the sand. One he already crossed, without truly understanding... and now he's standing out there alone."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008 March 21, Diane Sawyer, “Prostitution in America: Working Girls Speak”, in 20/20:",
          "text": "And Jesus draws a line in the sand and says,' He that is without sin among you, let him cast the first stone.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Robyn Carr, Angel's peak:",
          "text": "But when it came to marriage and children, she was in, and he, at twenty-eight, was out. She had said something like, \"It's time to take this relationship to the next level or end it completely.\" You don't want to be drawing a line in the sand in front of a young fighter pilot.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment (often one which carries a high risk) to a cause."
      ],
      "id": "en-draw_a_line_in_the_sand-en-verb-JwBMO9fi",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment (often one which carries a high risk) to a cause."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "67 15 18",
          "word": "cross the line"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 15 18",
          "word": "draw the line"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 15 18",
          "word": "red line"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "41 26 32",
          "word": "draw lines in the sand"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 2 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment",
          "word": "haastaa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1999, John D. Caputo, Michael J. Scanlon, God, the Gift, and Postmodernism, page 133:",
          "text": "At some point you ask, \"Where do we draw a line in the sand between deconstruction as desertification of God and as desertion of God?\" There is no line.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2003, Doug Geiger, Mindful Forgiveness: Experiencing the Love Factor, page 42:",
          "text": "Could it be, that way back, early in this relationship, consciously in my mind, I chose to set a boundary or to draw a line in the sand between this person and myself? This line meant that I would not allow the person to come any closer to me, or my seeming secrets, than that line in my mind.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Sam McKinney, Sailing with Vancouver: A modern sea dog, antique charts and a voyage through time, page 75:",
          "text": "Puget drew a line in the sand to separate the two parties, which the Natives did not cross though they showed a \"distrustful Behaviour.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Niels Peter Lemche, The Old Testament between Theology and History: A Critical Survey, page 306:",
          "text": "We might think that Albertz—and that is probably also his opinion—has taken up again Gabler's project of 1787 by drawing a line in the sand between historical and dogmatic studies.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Piet Eeckhout, Takis Tridimas, Yearbook of European Law 2009, volume 28, page 103:",
          "text": "There is no shortage of examples in which EC competition law and European social law have been at loggerheads while trying to draw a line in the sand separating their respective territories.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Brett Edward Whalen, Dominion of God: Christendom and Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, page 95:",
          "text": "The fact remains, however, that Honorius's glorification of the Synagogue demonstrates how reformist apocalypticism — even as it drew a line in the sand between the elect and the forces of evil — opened the door to a future transformation that could change the very nature of the elect.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, John Portmann, Catholic Culture in the USA: In and Out of Church, page 8:",
          "text": "One of the advantages of Paglia's phrasing is the way in which it avoids drawing a line in the sand between “good” Catholics and “bad” Catholics.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between (two places, people or things)."
      ],
      "id": "en-draw_a_line_in_the_sand-en-verb-6Hjwnsys",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 76 21",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between",
          "word": "vetää raja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 76 21",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ne perestupatʹ čertu",
          "sense": "to create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between",
          "word": "не переступать черту"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1990 August 9, R. W. Apple Jr, quoting George W. Bush, “Bush draws ‘line’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
          "text": "“A line has been drawn in the sand” against any Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia, Mr. Bush said.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "text": "2003 March 5, Robert Byrd, speech, North Korea: The Rising Peril,\nEven so, the current crisis might well have been defused weeks ago, before the two leaders started exchanging threats of war, had the United States agreed to talk directly to North Korea, as our allies in the region have been pleading with us to do. Instead, the Administration drew a line in the sand, insisting that the United States would not be blackmailed into one-on-one talks with North Korea."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Steve Bickerstaff, Lines in the Sand: Congressional Redistricting in Texas and the Downfall of Tom DeLay, page 185:",
          "text": "Finally, just as passage of redistricting had been made a litmus test for Republicans, defeating its passage now became a litmus test for Democrats. The Democrats drew a line in the sand.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, James Boyle, The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind, Yale University Press:",
          "text": "The law has not been entirely one-sided, however. The Sony case drew a line in the sand which promised to halt the inevitable drift toward greater and greater control over communications technology by content owners.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 April 3, Paul Taylor, “Send missiles to Ukraine or stand accused of appeasing Russia? Olaf Scholz must choose”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "The SPD chancellor has drawn a line in the sand. But playing the peace card to win back anti-war voters could cast his party into the political wilderness[.]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable or will provoke a response; to create a boundary and imply or declare that its crossing will provoke a (negative) response."
      ],
      "id": "en-draw_a_line_in_the_sand-en-verb-~0z3dlKz",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 92",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable",
          "word": "vetää raja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 92",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable",
          "word": "asettaa raja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 92",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable",
          "word": "mettere dei paletti"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-au-draw a line in the sand.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/En-au-draw_a_line_in_the_sand.ogg/En-au-draw_a_line_in_the_sand.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/En-au-draw_a_line_in_the_sand.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "draw a line in the sand"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. In the US, it is commonly accepted as a reference to the action of William B. Travis, who, in 1836, while commanding the defenders of the Alamo and contemplating a demand for surrender, drew a line in the sand and asked those willing to remain and defend the Alamo to their deaths to step across.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "draws a line in the sand",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drawing a line in the sand",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drew a line in the sand",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drawn a line in the sand",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "draw<,,drew,drawn> a line in the sand"
      },
      "expansion": "draw a line in the sand (third-person singular simple present draws a line in the sand, present participle drawing a line in the sand, simple past drew a line in the sand, past participle drawn a line in the sand)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "cross the line"
    },
    {
      "word": "draw the line"
    },
    {
      "word": "red line"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1998, Jerry B. Jenkins with Tim F. LaHaye, Through the flames:",
          "text": "\"Well,\" Judd said, \"what's the deal. You in or out?\" \"I have to decide right now?\" \"We have a meeting with Bruce tonight and church tomorrow morning. You go with us tonight and you promise to go tomorrow, or you move out this afternoon.\" \"The man's drawing a line in the sand for you,\" Lionel said. \"Lionel!\" Vicki scolded. \"I'm just sayin', the line has been drawn. You crossing the line, Ryan? Or are you with us?\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "text": "2007, Daniel Pyne, Glenn Gers (scriptwriters), Fracture,\nWILLY: It doesn't have to stick: we just need to get a court order for now - to keep Crawford from pulling the plug! With all the brain-power here, I'm sure somebody can come up with a pretext or call in a favor. Then we can tie this up in court while we arrange a state-appointed conservatorship - so we can protect her while we fight him on -\nNIKKI: What's the point, Willy?\nWILLY: The point?! [Willy stares.] Because she's drawn a line in the sand. One he already crossed, without truly understanding... and now he's standing out there alone."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008 March 21, Diane Sawyer, “Prostitution in America: Working Girls Speak”, in 20/20:",
          "text": "And Jesus draws a line in the sand and says,' He that is without sin among you, let him cast the first stone.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Robyn Carr, Angel's peak:",
          "text": "But when it came to marriage and children, she was in, and he, at twenty-eight, was out. She had said something like, \"It's time to take this relationship to the next level or end it completely.\" You don't want to be drawing a line in the sand in front of a young fighter pilot.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment (often one which carries a high risk) to a cause."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment (often one which carries a high risk) to a cause."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1999, John D. Caputo, Michael J. Scanlon, God, the Gift, and Postmodernism, page 133:",
          "text": "At some point you ask, \"Where do we draw a line in the sand between deconstruction as desertification of God and as desertion of God?\" There is no line.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2003, Doug Geiger, Mindful Forgiveness: Experiencing the Love Factor, page 42:",
          "text": "Could it be, that way back, early in this relationship, consciously in my mind, I chose to set a boundary or to draw a line in the sand between this person and myself? This line meant that I would not allow the person to come any closer to me, or my seeming secrets, than that line in my mind.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Sam McKinney, Sailing with Vancouver: A modern sea dog, antique charts and a voyage through time, page 75:",
          "text": "Puget drew a line in the sand to separate the two parties, which the Natives did not cross though they showed a \"distrustful Behaviour.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Niels Peter Lemche, The Old Testament between Theology and History: A Critical Survey, page 306:",
          "text": "We might think that Albertz—and that is probably also his opinion—has taken up again Gabler's project of 1787 by drawing a line in the sand between historical and dogmatic studies.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Piet Eeckhout, Takis Tridimas, Yearbook of European Law 2009, volume 28, page 103:",
          "text": "There is no shortage of examples in which EC competition law and European social law have been at loggerheads while trying to draw a line in the sand separating their respective territories.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Brett Edward Whalen, Dominion of God: Christendom and Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, page 95:",
          "text": "The fact remains, however, that Honorius's glorification of the Synagogue demonstrates how reformist apocalypticism — even as it drew a line in the sand between the elect and the forces of evil — opened the door to a future transformation that could change the very nature of the elect.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, John Portmann, Catholic Culture in the USA: In and Out of Church, page 8:",
          "text": "One of the advantages of Paglia's phrasing is the way in which it avoids drawing a line in the sand between “good” Catholics and “bad” Catholics.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between (two places, people or things)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1990 August 9, R. W. Apple Jr, quoting George W. Bush, “Bush draws ‘line’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
          "text": "“A line has been drawn in the sand” against any Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia, Mr. Bush said.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "text": "2003 March 5, Robert Byrd, speech, North Korea: The Rising Peril,\nEven so, the current crisis might well have been defused weeks ago, before the two leaders started exchanging threats of war, had the United States agreed to talk directly to North Korea, as our allies in the region have been pleading with us to do. Instead, the Administration drew a line in the sand, insisting that the United States would not be blackmailed into one-on-one talks with North Korea."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Steve Bickerstaff, Lines in the Sand: Congressional Redistricting in Texas and the Downfall of Tom DeLay, page 185:",
          "text": "Finally, just as passage of redistricting had been made a litmus test for Republicans, defeating its passage now became a litmus test for Democrats. The Democrats drew a line in the sand.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, James Boyle, The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind, Yale University Press:",
          "text": "The law has not been entirely one-sided, however. The Sony case drew a line in the sand which promised to halt the inevitable drift toward greater and greater control over communications technology by content owners.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 April 3, Paul Taylor, “Send missiles to Ukraine or stand accused of appeasing Russia? Olaf Scholz must choose”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "The SPD chancellor has drawn a line in the sand. But playing the peace card to win back anti-war voters could cast his party into the political wilderness[.]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable or will provoke a response; to create a boundary and imply or declare that its crossing will provoke a (negative) response."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-au-draw a line in the sand.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/En-au-draw_a_line_in_the_sand.ogg/En-au-draw_a_line_in_the_sand.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/En-au-draw_a_line_in_the_sand.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "draw lines in the sand"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to lay down a challenge; to provide a test of commitment",
      "word": "haastaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between",
      "word": "vetää raja"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ne perestupatʹ čertu",
      "sense": "to create a real or artificial boundary or distinction between",
      "word": "не переступать черту"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable",
      "word": "vetää raja"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable",
      "word": "asettaa raja"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to indicate the threshold or level above which something will become unacceptable",
      "word": "mettere dei paletti"
    }
  ],
  "word": "draw a line in the sand"
}

Download raw JSONL data for draw a line in the sand meaning in English (9.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.