See dickkopf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dickkopf meaning in English (4.9kB)
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"2": "de",
"3": "Dickkopf",
"lit": "thick head",
"t": "stubborn person"
},
"expansion": "German Dickkopf (“stubborn person”, literally “thick head”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
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"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Dickkopf (“stubborn person”, literally “thick head”), from the fact that Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), one of the dickkopf proteins, was found to be required for head formation in embryos. The word was coined by Andrei Glinka, Wei Wu, Hajo Delius, A. Paula Monaghan, Claudia Blumenstock, and Christof Niehrs in a 1998 article published in Nature: see the quotation.",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
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{
"ref": "[1998 January 22, Andrei Glinka et al., “Dickkopf-1 is a Member of a New Family of Secreted Proteins and Functions in Head Induction”, in Nature, volume 391, number 6665, London: Nature Research, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, abstract, page 357",
"text": "Here we describe dickkopf-1 (dkk-1), which encodes Dkk-1, a secreted inducer of Spemann's organizer in Xenopus and a member of a new protein family.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015 December 22, Kathryn L. McCabe et al., “Efficient Generation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Corneal Endothelial Cells by Directed Differentiation”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 12, San Francisco, Calif.: PLOS, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, article number e0145266",
"text": "Some of the factors tested included: angiopoietin like protein 7 (ANGLPT7), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF β 2), platelet derived growth factor b (PDGFB), and dickkopf related protein 2 (DKK2).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Joseph G. Sinkovics, “Eukaryotic Single Cells and the First Cell Communities Then and Now”, in RNA/DNA and Cancer, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, →DOI, page 81",
"text": "Oncogenic mutations in the human genome disable of the 'β-catenin-destroyer complex' and delete the dickkopfs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of a family of glycoproteins that are involved in the development of the embryo."
],
"id": "en-dickkopf-en-noun-eXAEzmja",
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"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins that are involved in the development of the embryo."
],
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"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of a family of glycoproteins that is involved in the development of the embryo",
"word": "Dickkopf-proteiini"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of a family of glycoproteins that is involved in the development of the embryo",
"word": "DKK-proteiini"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of a family of glycoproteins that is involved in the development of the embryo",
"word": "dickkopf"
}
],
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"British Journal of Pharmacology",
"British Pharmacological Society",
"DKK1",
"Wiley-Blackwell"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪkˌkɒpf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪkˌkɑ(p)f/",
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌkɔ(p)f/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"Southern"
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"text": "Audio (Southern English)"
}
],
"word": "dickkopf"
}
{
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"3": "Dickkopf",
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},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
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],
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{
"ref": "[1998 January 22, Andrei Glinka et al., “Dickkopf-1 is a Member of a New Family of Secreted Proteins and Functions in Head Induction”, in Nature, volume 391, number 6665, London: Nature Research, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, abstract, page 357",
"text": "Here we describe dickkopf-1 (dkk-1), which encodes Dkk-1, a secreted inducer of Spemann's organizer in Xenopus and a member of a new protein family.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015 December 22, Kathryn L. McCabe et al., “Efficient Generation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Corneal Endothelial Cells by Directed Differentiation”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 12, San Francisco, Calif.: PLOS, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, article number e0145266",
"text": "Some of the factors tested included: angiopoietin like protein 7 (ANGLPT7), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF β 2), platelet derived growth factor b (PDGFB), and dickkopf related protein 2 (DKK2).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Joseph G. Sinkovics, “Eukaryotic Single Cells and the First Cell Communities Then and Now”, in RNA/DNA and Cancer, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, →DOI, page 81",
"text": "Oncogenic mutations in the human genome disable of the 'β-catenin-destroyer complex' and delete the dickkopfs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of a family of glycoproteins that are involved in the development of the embryo."
],
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"glycoprotein",
"glycoprotein"
],
[
"involve",
"involve"
],
[
"development",
"development"
],
[
"embryo",
"embryo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins that are involved in the development of the embryo."
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"British Journal of Pharmacology",
"British Pharmacological Society",
"DKK1",
"Wiley-Blackwell"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪkˌkɒpf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪkˌkɑ(p)f/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌkɔ(p)f/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dickkopf.wav",
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"tags": [
"English",
"Southern"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern English)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of a family of glycoproteins that is involved in the development of the embryo",
"word": "Dickkopf-proteiini"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of a family of glycoproteins that is involved in the development of the embryo",
"word": "DKK-proteiini"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of a family of glycoproteins that is involved in the development of the embryo",
"word": "dickkopf"
}
],
"word": "dickkopf"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.