See dern in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dern meaning in English (10.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "in dern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "derne"
},
"expansion": "derne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dyrne"
},
"expansion": "Old English dyrne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dierne",
"3": "",
"4": "secret"
},
"expansion": "dierne (“secret”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnī",
"t": "hidden, secret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnī (“hidden, secret”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dern, derne, from Old English dyrne, dierne (“secret”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnī (“hidden, secret”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "derns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dern (plural derns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A secret; secrecy."
],
"id": "en-dern-en-noun-vDsGlxdC",
"links": [
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"secrecy",
"secrecy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A secret; secrecy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A secret place; hiding."
],
"id": "en-dern-en-noun-SKFmnNcv",
"links": [
[
"hiding",
"hiding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A secret place; hiding."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 1 2 32 1 27 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An obscure language."
],
"id": "en-dern-en-noun-aXIC6Iuw",
"links": [
[
"obscure",
"obscure"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An obscure language."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Darkness; obscurity."
],
"id": "en-dern-en-noun-JW1UZfo3",
"links": [
[
"Darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"obscurity",
"obscurity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Darkness; obscurity."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɜː(ɹ)n/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "dern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "derne"
},
"expansion": "derne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dyrne"
},
"expansion": "Old English dyrne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dierne",
"3": "",
"4": "hidden, secret, retired, obscure, remote, eluding detection, concealed, deceitful, evil, magical"
},
"expansion": "dierne (“hidden, secret, retired, obscure, remote, eluding detection, concealed, deceitful, evil, magical”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnī",
"t": "hidden, secret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnī (“hidden, secret”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dern, derne, from Old English dyrne, dierne (“hidden, secret, retired, obscure, remote, eluding detection, concealed, deceitful, evil, magical”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnī (“hidden, secret”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more dern",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most dern",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dern (comparative more dern, superlative most dern)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 1 2 32 1 27 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1659, Dr. H. More, Immortal, of the Soul",
"text": "Now with their backs to the den's mouth they sit, / Yet shoulder not all light from the dern pit.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1819, J. R. Drake, The Culprit Fay",
"text": "Through dreary beds of tangled fern, / Through groves of nightshade dark and dern.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hidden; secret; private."
],
"id": "en-dern-en-adj-WmpCvazx",
"links": [
[
"Hidden",
"hidden"
],
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"private",
"private"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, dialectal) Hidden; secret; private."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɜː(ɹ)n/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "dern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dernen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dernen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dærnen"
},
"expansion": "dærnen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dyrnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English dyrnan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "diernan",
"3": "",
"4": "to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself"
},
"expansion": "diernan (“to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnijan",
"4": "",
"5": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*darnī",
"t": "hidden, secret"
},
"expansion": "*darnī (“hidden, secret”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dernian",
"3": "",
"4": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon dernian (“to conceal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "tarnen",
"3": "",
"4": "to camougflage, disguise"
},
"expansion": "German tarnen (“to camougflage, disguise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "darn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tarnish"
},
"expansion": "tarnish",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dernen, dærnen, from Old English dyrnan, diernan (“to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”), from *darnī (“hidden, secret”). Cognate with Old Saxon dernian (“to conceal”), German tarnen (“to camougflage, disguise”). See also darn, tarnish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "derns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "derning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "derned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "derned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dern (third-person singular simple present derns, present participle derning, simple past and past participle derned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1865, Hugh Miller, My schools and schoolmasters",
"text": "He at length escaped them by derning himself in a fox-earth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hide; secrete, as in a hole."
],
"id": "en-dern-en-verb-g0VwGVvL",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To hide; secrete, as in a hole."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1584, Thomas Hudson, Judith",
"text": "But look how soon they heard of Holoferne / Their courage quail'd, and they began to derne.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hide oneself; skulk."
],
"id": "en-dern-en-verb-yvve6dd9",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To hide oneself; skulk."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɜː(ɹ)n/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "dern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "derns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dern (plural derns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 1 2 32 1 27 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1855, Charles Kingsley, Westward Ho!, Ch. XIV, How Salvation Yeo Slew the King of the Gubbings\nSo I just put my eye between the wall and the dern of the gate, and I saw him come up to the back door […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gatepost or doorpost."
],
"id": "en-dern-en-noun-EXKEWT2u",
"links": [
[
"gatepost",
"gatepost"
],
[
"doorpost",
"doorpost"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK) A gatepost or doorpost."
],
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɜː(ɹ)n/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "dern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "in dern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "derne"
},
"expansion": "derne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dyrne"
},
"expansion": "Old English dyrne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dierne",
"3": "",
"4": "secret"
},
"expansion": "dierne (“secret”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnī",
"t": "hidden, secret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnī (“hidden, secret”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dern, derne, from Old English dyrne, dierne (“secret”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnī (“hidden, secret”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "derns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dern (plural derns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A secret; secrecy."
],
"links": [
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"secrecy",
"secrecy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A secret; secrecy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A secret place; hiding."
],
"links": [
[
"hiding",
"hiding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A secret place; hiding."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An obscure language."
],
"links": [
[
"obscure",
"obscure"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An obscure language."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Darkness; obscurity."
],
"links": [
[
"Darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"obscurity",
"obscurity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Darkness; obscurity."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɜː(ɹ)n/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "dern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "derne"
},
"expansion": "derne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dyrne"
},
"expansion": "Old English dyrne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dierne",
"3": "",
"4": "hidden, secret, retired, obscure, remote, eluding detection, concealed, deceitful, evil, magical"
},
"expansion": "dierne (“hidden, secret, retired, obscure, remote, eluding detection, concealed, deceitful, evil, magical”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnī",
"t": "hidden, secret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnī (“hidden, secret”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dern, derne, from Old English dyrne, dierne (“hidden, secret, retired, obscure, remote, eluding detection, concealed, deceitful, evil, magical”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnī (“hidden, secret”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more dern",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most dern",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dern (comparative more dern, superlative most dern)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1659, Dr. H. More, Immortal, of the Soul",
"text": "Now with their backs to the den's mouth they sit, / Yet shoulder not all light from the dern pit.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1819, J. R. Drake, The Culprit Fay",
"text": "Through dreary beds of tangled fern, / Through groves of nightshade dark and dern.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hidden; secret; private."
],
"links": [
[
"Hidden",
"hidden"
],
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"private",
"private"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, dialectal) Hidden; secret; private."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɜː(ɹ)n/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "dern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dernen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dernen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dærnen"
},
"expansion": "dærnen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dyrnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English dyrnan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "diernan",
"3": "",
"4": "to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself"
},
"expansion": "diernan (“to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnijan",
"4": "",
"5": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*darnī",
"t": "hidden, secret"
},
"expansion": "*darnī (“hidden, secret”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dernian",
"3": "",
"4": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon dernian (“to conceal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "tarnen",
"3": "",
"4": "to camougflage, disguise"
},
"expansion": "German tarnen (“to camougflage, disguise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "darn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tarnish"
},
"expansion": "tarnish",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dernen, dærnen, from Old English dyrnan, diernan (“to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”), from *darnī (“hidden, secret”). Cognate with Old Saxon dernian (“to conceal”), German tarnen (“to camougflage, disguise”). See also darn, tarnish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "derns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "derning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "derned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "derned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dern (third-person singular simple present derns, present participle derning, simple past and past participle derned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "darn"
},
{
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1865, Hugh Miller, My schools and schoolmasters",
"text": "He at length escaped them by derning himself in a fox-earth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hide; secrete, as in a hole."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To hide; secrete, as in a hole."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1584, Thomas Hudson, Judith",
"text": "But look how soon they heard of Holoferne / Their courage quail'd, and they began to derne.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hide oneself; skulk."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To hide oneself; skulk."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɜː(ɹ)n/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "dern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "derns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dern (plural derns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1855, Charles Kingsley, Westward Ho!, Ch. XIV, How Salvation Yeo Slew the King of the Gubbings\nSo I just put my eye between the wall and the dern of the gate, and I saw him come up to the back door […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gatepost or doorpost."
],
"links": [
[
"gatepost",
"gatepost"
],
[
"doorpost",
"doorpost"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK) A gatepost or doorpost."
],
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɜː(ɹ)n/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "dern"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.