See couth in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for couth meaning in English (17.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "couth",
"4": "couth",
"5": "familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners"
},
"expansion": "Middle English couth (“familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cūþ",
"4": "",
"5": "familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related"
},
"expansion": "Old English cūþ (“familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cunnan",
"3": "",
"4": "to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how"
},
"expansion": "cunnan (“to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kunþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "*kunþaz (“known”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kond",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kond (“known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "cut",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian cut (“known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs, “known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kuður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kuður",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kunnur",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "kunnur (“known”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gnosco",
"3": "",
"4": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Latin gnosco (“to know”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kund"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chund"
},
"expansion": "chund",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chunt"
},
"expansion": "chunt",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kunt",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kund",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "German kund (“known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kūth"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon kūth",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "cûth"
},
"expansion": "cûth",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "cuð",
"3": "",
"4": "known; famous, renowned"
},
"expansion": "cuð (“known; famous, renowned”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "couth",
"3": "",
"4": "familiar, known"
},
"expansion": "Scots couth (“familiar, known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "could",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of could",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English couth (“familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners”), from Old English cūþ (“familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related”), past participle of cunnan (“to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how”), from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how”) (compare *kunþaz (“known”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). The word is cognate with Dutch kond (“known”), Saterland Frisian cut (“known”), Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs, “known”), Icelandic kuður, kunnur (“known”), Latin gnosco (“to know”), Old High German kund, chund, chunt, Middle High German kunt (modern German kund (“known”)), Old Saxon kūth, cûth, cuð (“known; famous, renowned”), Scots couth (“familiar, known”); and is a doublet of could.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more couth",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most couth",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "couth (comparative more couth, superlative most couth)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "uncouth"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 27 6 8 13 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Familiar, known; well-known, renowned."
],
"id": "en-couth-en-adj-OV32CRs-",
"links": [
[
"Familiar",
"familiar#Adjective"
],
[
"known",
"known#Adjective"
],
[
"well-known",
"well-known"
],
[
"renowned",
"renowned#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Familiar, known; well-known, renowned."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 32 38 15 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 37 42 10 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 48 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Variant of couthie.",
"Agreeable, friendly, pleasant."
],
"id": "en-couth-en-adj-llcR8rSh",
"links": [
[
"couthie",
"couthie"
],
[
"Agreeable",
"agreeable"
],
[
"friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"pleasant",
"pleasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Variant of couthie.",
"Agreeable, friendly, pleasant."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 28 37 13 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 32 38 15 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 37 42 10 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 48 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, La’Vez Robinson Sr., “Deutschland”, in On My Own: Putting the Past behind Me, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, page 203",
"text": "Squad leaders were responsible for doing periodic checks to make sure soldiers were living a couth lifestyle, as Joes would compete regularly to see whose room was nicer.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Variant of couthie.",
"Comfortable; cosy, snug."
],
"id": "en-couth-en-adj-cQAsik15",
"links": [
[
"couthie",
"couthie"
],
[
"Comfortable",
"comfortable"
],
[
"cosy",
"cosy#Adjective"
],
[
"snug",
"snug"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Variant of couthie.",
"Comfortable; cosy, snug."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kuːθ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuθ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-couth.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg/En-us-couth.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "couth"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "uncouth"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from uncouth",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from uncouth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more couth",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most couth",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "couth (comparative more couth, superlative most couth)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "uncouth"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 32 38 15 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1943, Henry Sturmey, H. Walter Staner, The Autocar: A Journal Published in the Interests of the Mechanically Propelled Road Carriage, volume 88, London: Iliffe, Sons & Sturney, →OCLC, page 632, column 3",
"text": "So Dennis May thrilled me in a recent issue when he described Raymond Mays' 1939 E.R.A. racer as a \"couth\" little Merc-like model.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, John Percival, editor, Dance and Dancers, London: Dance & Dancers Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 37",
"text": "Yet the dancers are beautiful, their cool movement has a couth simplicity, and there are moments when a gesture of almost absolute beauty stands transfixed in some transom of sublime comprehension.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010 February 7, “Sir John Dankworth [obituary]”, in Tony Gallagher, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-01-24",
"text": "[John] Dankworth's care over the shaping and presentation of his music led occasionally to complaints that it was clever, lightweight stuff, lacking the rough passion which many regarded as the mark of authentic jazz, a view summed up by the critic Kitty Grime in the much-quoted phrase \"couth, kempt and shevelled\".",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication; cultured, refined."
],
"id": "en-couth-en-adj-43EWqIB8",
"links": [
[
"Marked",
"mark#Verb"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"sophistication",
"sophistication"
],
[
"cultured",
"cultured#Adjective"
],
[
"refined",
"refined#Adjective"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"word": "hienostunut"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raffiné"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sophistiqué"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "mit sehr guten Umgangsformen (postpositioned)",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lepido"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"word": "ȍtm(j)en"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"word": "uglađen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"word": "sofisticado, refinado"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kuːθ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuθ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-couth.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg/En-us-couth.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "couth"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "uncouth"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from uncouth",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from uncouth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "couths",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "couth (usually uncountable, plural couths)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That man has no couth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1995, Ben[jamin] J[oseph] Wattenberg, “Those Darn Cultural Issues”, in Values Matter Most: How Democrats or Republicans or a Third Party Can Win and Renew the American Way of Life, Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, part 2 (What It’s Not), page 107",
"text": "There is an aspect of the cultural conservative argument that sometimes drifts dangerously close to tha view, elitist to the core, as elitist as the New Class, as elitist as limousine liberalism: The public ain't got no couth. You can hear those old-fashioned elitist wheels spinning: Maybe we need a few government regulations to deal with the couth shortage.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, W[illiam] Bruce Cameron, “How to Increase a Man’s Couth”, in How to Remodel a Man: Tips and Techniques on Accomplishing Something You Know Is Impossible but Want to Try Anyway, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press; republished as How to Remodel a Man: You Know It’s Impossible but You Want to Try Anyway, London: HarperCollins, 2005, page 62",
"text": "My daughters have long and inappropriately been members of the Committee to Reform Dad's Hygiene, taking me to task for my supposed lack of couth.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Heidi Munan, Culture Shock!: Malaysia: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette (Culture Shock!), Portland, Or.: Graphics Art Center Pub. Co., page 86",
"text": "Couth and manners are intensely subjective concepts. Each culture has its own standards of acceptable table manners, for instance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Mark Powell, Blood Kin: A Novel, Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, page 97",
"text": "You got no couth, Ed. You was raised no-count is what you were. No count and you ain't got a lick of couth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Social grace, refinement, sophistication; etiquette, manners."
],
"id": "en-couth-en-noun-DQgifxek",
"links": [
[
"Social",
"social#Adjective"
],
[
"grace",
"grace#Noun"
],
[
"refinement",
"refinement"
],
[
"sophistication",
"sophistication"
],
[
"etiquette",
"etiquette"
],
[
"manners",
"manners"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"word": "hienostuneisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raffinement"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sophistication"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "gute Umgangsformen"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Manieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lepòre"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"word": "otm(j)enost"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"word": "uglađenost"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1967, Bernice Fitz-Gibbon, Macy’s, Gimbels, and Me: How to Earn $90,000 a Year in Retail Advertising, New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 91",
"text": "We transformed the uncouths into couths, the unkempts into kempts, the inerts into erts! We did it all by speaking to teen-agers on their own terms and in their own language.\nNote: Likely to be a nonce use.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1968 November, “C. R. Terror”, in Richard L. Anderson, editor, The MAC Flyer (USAF Recurring Publication; 62-5), volume XV, number 11, Scott Air Force Base, Ill.: Directorate of Safety, Headquarters Military Airlift Command, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 28, column 1",
"text": "I'm going to hit that \"Gulf of Texas\" beach with a bundle of couths and suaves because those Texas gals that hang around the big shrimp boats are used to good living.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person with social graces; a refined or sophisticated person."
],
"id": "en-couth-en-noun-QfYl3haL",
"links": [
[
"refined",
"refined#Adjective"
],
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A person with social graces; a refined or sophisticated person."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kuːθ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuθ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-couth.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg/En-us-couth.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "couth"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English links with redundant alt parameters",
"Rhymes:English/uːθ",
"Rhymes:English/uːθ/1 syllable",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "couth",
"4": "couth",
"5": "familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners"
},
"expansion": "Middle English couth (“familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cūþ",
"4": "",
"5": "familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related"
},
"expansion": "Old English cūþ (“familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cunnan",
"3": "",
"4": "to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how"
},
"expansion": "cunnan (“to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kunþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "*kunþaz (“known”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kond",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kond (“known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "cut",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian cut (“known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs, “known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kuður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kuður",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kunnur",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "kunnur (“known”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gnosco",
"3": "",
"4": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Latin gnosco (“to know”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kund"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chund"
},
"expansion": "chund",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chunt"
},
"expansion": "chunt",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kunt",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kund",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "German kund (“known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kūth"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon kūth",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "cûth"
},
"expansion": "cûth",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "cuð",
"3": "",
"4": "known; famous, renowned"
},
"expansion": "cuð (“known; famous, renowned”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "couth",
"3": "",
"4": "familiar, known"
},
"expansion": "Scots couth (“familiar, known”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "could",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of could",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English couth (“familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners”), from Old English cūþ (“familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related”), past participle of cunnan (“to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how”), from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how”) (compare *kunþaz (“known”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). The word is cognate with Dutch kond (“known”), Saterland Frisian cut (“known”), Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs, “known”), Icelandic kuður, kunnur (“known”), Latin gnosco (“to know”), Old High German kund, chund, chunt, Middle High German kunt (modern German kund (“known”)), Old Saxon kūth, cûth, cuð (“known; famous, renowned”), Scots couth (“familiar, known”); and is a doublet of could.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more couth",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most couth",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "couth (comparative more couth, superlative most couth)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "uncouth"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Familiar, known; well-known, renowned."
],
"links": [
[
"Familiar",
"familiar#Adjective"
],
[
"known",
"known#Adjective"
],
[
"well-known",
"well-known"
],
[
"renowned",
"renowned#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Familiar, known; well-known, renowned."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Variant of couthie.",
"Agreeable, friendly, pleasant."
],
"links": [
[
"couthie",
"couthie"
],
[
"Agreeable",
"agreeable"
],
[
"friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"pleasant",
"pleasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Variant of couthie.",
"Agreeable, friendly, pleasant."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, La’Vez Robinson Sr., “Deutschland”, in On My Own: Putting the Past behind Me, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, page 203",
"text": "Squad leaders were responsible for doing periodic checks to make sure soldiers were living a couth lifestyle, as Joes would compete regularly to see whose room was nicer.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Variant of couthie.",
"Comfortable; cosy, snug."
],
"links": [
[
"couthie",
"couthie"
],
[
"Comfortable",
"comfortable"
],
[
"cosy",
"cosy#Adjective"
],
[
"snug",
"snug"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Variant of couthie.",
"Comfortable; cosy, snug."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kuːθ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuθ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-couth.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg/En-us-couth.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "couth"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/uːθ",
"Rhymes:English/uːθ/1 syllable",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "uncouth"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from uncouth",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from uncouth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more couth",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most couth",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "couth (comparative more couth, superlative most couth)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "uncouth"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1943, Henry Sturmey, H. Walter Staner, The Autocar: A Journal Published in the Interests of the Mechanically Propelled Road Carriage, volume 88, London: Iliffe, Sons & Sturney, →OCLC, page 632, column 3",
"text": "So Dennis May thrilled me in a recent issue when he described Raymond Mays' 1939 E.R.A. racer as a \"couth\" little Merc-like model.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, John Percival, editor, Dance and Dancers, London: Dance & Dancers Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 37",
"text": "Yet the dancers are beautiful, their cool movement has a couth simplicity, and there are moments when a gesture of almost absolute beauty stands transfixed in some transom of sublime comprehension.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010 February 7, “Sir John Dankworth [obituary]”, in Tony Gallagher, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-01-24",
"text": "[John] Dankworth's care over the shaping and presentation of his music led occasionally to complaints that it was clever, lightweight stuff, lacking the rough passion which many regarded as the mark of authentic jazz, a view summed up by the critic Kitty Grime in the much-quoted phrase \"couth, kempt and shevelled\".",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication; cultured, refined."
],
"links": [
[
"Marked",
"mark#Verb"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"sophistication",
"sophistication"
],
[
"cultured",
"cultured#Adjective"
],
[
"refined",
"refined#Adjective"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kuːθ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuθ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-couth.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg/En-us-couth.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"word": "hienostunut"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raffiné"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sophistiqué"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "mit sehr guten Umgangsformen (postpositioned)",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lepido"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"word": "ȍtm(j)en"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"word": "uglađen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication — see also cultured, refined",
"word": "sofisticado, refinado"
}
],
"word": "couth"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/uːθ",
"Rhymes:English/uːθ/1 syllable",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "uncouth"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from uncouth",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from uncouth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "couths",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "couth (usually uncountable, plural couths)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That man has no couth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1995, Ben[jamin] J[oseph] Wattenberg, “Those Darn Cultural Issues”, in Values Matter Most: How Democrats or Republicans or a Third Party Can Win and Renew the American Way of Life, Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, part 2 (What It’s Not), page 107",
"text": "There is an aspect of the cultural conservative argument that sometimes drifts dangerously close to tha view, elitist to the core, as elitist as the New Class, as elitist as limousine liberalism: The public ain't got no couth. You can hear those old-fashioned elitist wheels spinning: Maybe we need a few government regulations to deal with the couth shortage.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, W[illiam] Bruce Cameron, “How to Increase a Man’s Couth”, in How to Remodel a Man: Tips and Techniques on Accomplishing Something You Know Is Impossible but Want to Try Anyway, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press; republished as How to Remodel a Man: You Know It’s Impossible but You Want to Try Anyway, London: HarperCollins, 2005, page 62",
"text": "My daughters have long and inappropriately been members of the Committee to Reform Dad's Hygiene, taking me to task for my supposed lack of couth.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Heidi Munan, Culture Shock!: Malaysia: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette (Culture Shock!), Portland, Or.: Graphics Art Center Pub. Co., page 86",
"text": "Couth and manners are intensely subjective concepts. Each culture has its own standards of acceptable table manners, for instance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Mark Powell, Blood Kin: A Novel, Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, page 97",
"text": "You got no couth, Ed. You was raised no-count is what you were. No count and you ain't got a lick of couth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Social grace, refinement, sophistication; etiquette, manners."
],
"links": [
[
"Social",
"social#Adjective"
],
[
"grace",
"grace#Noun"
],
[
"refinement",
"refinement"
],
[
"sophistication",
"sophistication"
],
[
"etiquette",
"etiquette"
],
[
"manners",
"manners"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1967, Bernice Fitz-Gibbon, Macy’s, Gimbels, and Me: How to Earn $90,000 a Year in Retail Advertising, New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 91",
"text": "We transformed the uncouths into couths, the unkempts into kempts, the inerts into erts! We did it all by speaking to teen-agers on their own terms and in their own language.\nNote: Likely to be a nonce use.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1968 November, “C. R. Terror”, in Richard L. Anderson, editor, The MAC Flyer (USAF Recurring Publication; 62-5), volume XV, number 11, Scott Air Force Base, Ill.: Directorate of Safety, Headquarters Military Airlift Command, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 28, column 1",
"text": "I'm going to hit that \"Gulf of Texas\" beach with a bundle of couths and suaves because those Texas gals that hang around the big shrimp boats are used to good living.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person with social graces; a refined or sophisticated person."
],
"links": [
[
"refined",
"refined#Adjective"
],
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A person with social graces; a refined or sophisticated person."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kuːθ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuθ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-couth.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg/En-us-couth.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/En-us-couth.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"word": "hienostuneisuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raffinement"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sophistication"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "gute Umgangsformen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Manieren"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lepòre"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"word": "otm(j)enost"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social grace, refinement, sophistication — see also refinement, sophistication",
"word": "uglađenost"
}
],
"word": "couth"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.