See could've in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": ":af",
"3": "could",
"4": "-'ve",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish could\nEnglish -'ve\nEnglish could've\nFrom could + -'ve.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish could\nEnglish -'ve\nEnglish could've\nFrom could + -'ve.",
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"2": "verb form"
},
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"word": "could"
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{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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3,
11
]
],
"text": "We could've missed the bus, but we just caught it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Contraction of could + have."
],
"id": "en-could've-en-verb-Cm9cpFqW",
"links": [
[
"could",
"could#English"
],
[
"have",
"have#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "coulda"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"contraction"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"note": "preterit indicative",
"sense": "contraction",
"word": "(él) pudo haber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative"
],
"word": "(él) podía haber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative"
],
"word": "(él) podría haber"
},
{
"alt": "si (él)",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
],
"word": "pudiese/pudiera haber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"note": "preterit perfect",
"sense": "contraction",
"word": "(él) hubo podido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"perfect"
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"word": "(él) había podido"
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{
"code": "es",
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"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect"
],
"word": "(él) habría podido"
},
{
"alt": "si (él)",
"code": "es",
"english": "can be sentence ending",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"past",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
],
"translation": "can be sentence ending",
"word": "hubiese/hubiera podido"
},
{
"alt": "si (él)",
"code": "es",
"english": "sentence ending",
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"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"translation": "sentence ending",
"word": "pudiese"
},
{
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"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʊdəv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʊdə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-could've.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/En-us-could%27ve.ogg/En-us-could%27ve.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/En-us-could%27ve.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊdəv"
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],
"word": "could've"
}
{
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{
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"2": ":af",
"3": "could",
"4": "-'ve",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish could\nEnglish -'ve\nEnglish could've\nFrom could + -'ve.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish could\nEnglish -'ve\nEnglish could've\nFrom could + -'ve.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "could've",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "+ have",
"word": "could"
}
],
"categories": [
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"English contractions",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms suffixed with -'ve",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:English/ʊdəv",
"Rhymes:English/ʊdəv/2 syllables",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
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"text": "We could've missed the bus, but we just caught it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Contraction of could + have."
],
"links": [
[
"could",
"could#English"
],
[
"have",
"have#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"contraction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʊdəv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʊdə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-could've.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/En-us-could%27ve.ogg/En-us-could%27ve.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/En-us-could%27ve.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊdəv"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "coulda"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"note": "preterit indicative",
"sense": "contraction",
"word": "(él) pudo haber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative"
],
"word": "(él) podía haber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative"
],
"word": "(él) podría haber"
},
{
"alt": "si (él)",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
],
"word": "pudiese/pudiera haber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"note": "preterit perfect",
"sense": "contraction",
"word": "(él) hubo podido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"perfect"
],
"word": "(él) había podido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect"
],
"word": "(él) habría podido"
},
{
"alt": "si (él)",
"code": "es",
"english": "can be sentence ending",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"tags": [
"past",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
],
"translation": "can be sentence ending",
"word": "hubiese/hubiera podido"
},
{
"alt": "si (él)",
"code": "es",
"english": "sentence ending",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"translation": "sentence ending",
"word": "pudiese"
},
{
"alt": "si (él)",
"code": "es",
"english": "sentence ending",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contraction",
"translation": "sentence ending",
"word": "pudiera"
}
],
"word": "could've"
}
Download raw JSONL data for could've meaning in English (3.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"could've"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "could've",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.